作　　者： (刘文礼）; (阎希柱）;

机构地区： 集美大学水产学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处： 《中国渔业质量与标准》 2017年第4期29-36,共8页

摘　　要： 在中国对虾养殖产业格局中,传统半精养模式仍占着很大的比重,新型精养模式普及程度不高,两种模式各有优劣。为了比较两种养殖模式的可持续性,本研究采用生态足迹和生态足迹指数对两种不同养殖模式进行比较分析。结果表明:1)对虾半精养模式的生态足迹为28.278 ghm^2,精养模式的生态足迹为44.596 ghm^2,其中饲料项目对生态足迹的贡献最大,比重达到60%~80%。2)半精养模式的人均水产品消费生态足迹为0.040 10 ghm^2,生态足迹指数为-0.24%,为不可持续发展模式;精养模式的人均水产品消费生态足迹为0.033 23 ghm^2,生态足迹指数为16.93%,为可持续发展模式,精养模式比半精养模式具有更大的可持续发展潜力。本研究针对水产养殖的特性对渔业生态足迹的定义和模型进行优化,解决了小尺度研究领域中人均渔业生态足迹难以明确和核算的问题,并结合生态足迹指数模型对对虾养殖可持续发展进行量化评估,从因素分析和生产模式优化等方面为小尺度水产养殖业的可持续发展策略提供权衡和比较。 In China, a large proportion of shrimp culture industry is traditional semi - intensive culture model despite new intensive culture model emerges over few years. Both models have their respective advantages and disadvantages. To compare the sustainable development of semi - intensive culture model with that of intensive culture mode, we employed the method of Ecological Footprint （EF） and Ecological Footprint Index （EFI）. We found that the EF of semi - intensive culture model and the intensive culture model mode were 28. 278 ghm2 and 44. 596 ghm2 respectively, feed consumption had the largest contribution （60% - 80% ） to the ecological footprint. In addition, per capita EF seafood consumption was 0. 040 10 ghm2 and the EFI was - 0.24% for semi - intensive culture model, which sug- gests that it was under unsustainable development status; EF was 0. 033 23 ghm2 and the EFI was 16.93% for inten- sive culture model, which suggests that it was under weak sustainable development status. Taken together, the inten- sive culture model showed more sustainable development potential than the semi -intensive culture model due to low resource consumption. According to the characteristics of aquaculture, this paper optimized the definition and model of fishery ecological footprint, solved the problem that the per capita fishery ecological footprint in the small region is unable to define and calculate, quantified fishery sustainable development assessment by the ecological footprint index model, and provided the scientific basis for decision -making for small scale culture sustainable development in the terms of the aspects of the factor analysis and production model optimization. [ Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards, 2017, 7（4）：29-36]

关 键 词： 凡纳滨对虾 生态足迹 生态足迹指数 可持续发展 水产养殖