作　　者： (吴甲民）; (陈安南）; (刘梦月）; (刘凯）; (程立金）; (史玉升）; (李晨辉）; (朱小刚）; (王联凤）;

机构地区： 华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院材料成形与模具技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 深圳华中科技大学研究院,广东深圳518057

出　　处： 《中国材料进展》 2017年第7期575-582,共8页

摘　　要： 相对于传统技术,3D打印技术在直接成型复杂形状金属和高分子零部件方面显示出了巨大的优越性。然而,3D打印技术在陶瓷零部件的成型方面尚存在诸多难题。为此,华中科技大学史玉升教授团队在3D打印陶瓷材料的制备及其成型技术方面做了较多研究。详细介绍了激光选区烧结(SLS)技术中复合粉体的两种主要制备方法:一种是通过机械混合法将陶瓷粉体与高分子聚合物机械混合制得SLS成型用复合粉体;另一种是通过溶解沉淀法或溶剂蒸发法将高分子聚合物包覆在陶瓷颗粒表面制得复合粉体。研究表明,采用上述两种制粉方法均可制备出具有良好流动性的适于3D打印的复合陶瓷粉体。还系统地讨论了SLS素坯的成型机理以及预热温度、激光功率和单层厚度等SLS工艺参数对陶瓷素坯的力学性能和成型精度的影响。在此基础上,采用最佳SLS工艺参数制备出传统成型工艺难以成型的具有三维孔洞结构的多孔堇青石和高岭土陶瓷零部件。此外,结合SLS工艺与冷等静压(CIP)技术提出了SLS/CIP复合成型技术,提高了SLS成型陶瓷的致密度和力学性能,制备出高性能、复杂结构的Al_2O_3、ZrO_2、Si C等致密陶瓷零部件,为采用3D打印技术制备航空航天、国防等领域用高性能陶瓷零部件打下了良好的基础。 Compared with traditional technologies, 3D printing technology has shown great advantages in direct formation of metal and polymer parts with complex shapes. However, there are many problems in the preparation of ceramic parts via 3D printing. In this respect, lots of researches have been done by Prof. Shi Y S＇s group in Huazhong University of Science and Technology on the preparation of different ceramic materials used for 3D printing technology and related forming methods. In this review, two main methods to prepare composite powders used in Selective Laser Sintering （SLS） were introduced in detail： （1）mechanical mixing method, by which ceramic powders and polymer were directly mixed ; （2）dissolution-precipitation process or solvent evaporation method, by which the ceramic powders were coated with polymer. The results showed that both two preparation methods mentioned above were suitable to prepare ceramic-polymer composite powders with good fluidity for 3D printing technology. Furthermore, the forming mechanisms of SLS and the effects of SLS process parameters, including preheating temperature, laser power, lay- er thickness and so on, on mechanical properties and manufacturing accuracy of ceramic green parts were systematically dis- cussed. On the basis of above results, porous cordierite and kaolin ceramics with 3D pore structures, which were difficult to be fabricated by the conventional forming technologies, were manufactured by SLS technology with optimized process pa- rameters. In addition, to improve the density and mechanical properties of SLSed ceramic pans, a hybrid technology named SLS/Cold Isostatic Pressing （CIP） was proposed by introducing the CIP technology into the field of SLS. Dense A12 03 , ZrO2 and SiC ceramic parts with high performance and complex structure were prepared through this hybrid technolo- gy. The results indicated that SLS and SLS/CIP technologies could be the promising routes to prepare high-performance ceramic components used in the fields of aerospace, n

关 键 词： 打印 陶瓷材料 激光选区烧结 冷等静压 多孔陶瓷 致密陶瓷