作　　者： (徐亚南）; (李明思）;

机构地区： 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处： 《节水灌溉》 2017年第9期20-24,共5页

摘　　要： 为了探明高频滴灌的抑盐机理,在土槽内对不同滴灌频率下的土壤水盐动态进行了试验研究。试验中滴灌频率设4个处理,分别标注为IF1、IF2、IF3和IF4;相应的单次滴水量分别为2、3.33、5和10 L;滴水间隔分别为1、2、3和4 d;各处理的滴水总量都为10 L。试验中分别观测了单次滴水量和滴水间隔天数对土壤盐分运移的影响以及导致的脱盐效率。试验结果表明,高频滴灌时,滴水可使土壤盐分运移速度快,而蒸发不会使土壤盐分快速向上运移,而蒸发不会使土壤盐分即刻向上层运移,所以土壤始终表现为上层脱盐,下层积盐;在总滴水量相同的情况下,单次滴水量越大,土壤盐分淋洗得越深,抑盐效果越好;在没有地下水补充的情况下,滴水间隔天数所造成的蒸发返盐量有限,当滴水间隔天数较小(小于2 d)时,土壤盐分持续向下层运移,没有返盐的机会,只有当滴水间隔天数较大(大于2 d)时,盐分才会沿土层垂直方向上、下波动,使下层积盐深度变浅。 In order to to investigate the anti-salinization mechanism of high frequency drip irrigation, the experiments about soil water and salt dynamic under drip irrigation with different irrigational frequency were conducted in soil tanks. In these experiments, 4 irrigational frequencies, which was denoted with IF1, IF2, IF3 and IF4, were set with the same irrigation quantity of 10 L, the corresponding single drip irrigation quantity was 2, 3.33, 5 and 10 L, and the irrigation intervals was 1, 2, 3 and 4 days, respectively. The effects of the single drip water quantity and the drip intervals on the soil salt transferring and desalting efficiency were observed in these experiments. The results showed that： under the high frequency drip irrigation, the soil salinity immediately transferred to deep soil after watering, but it would not move to the top soil immediately under evaporation, as the result, the top soil was always in desalination and the deep soil in salification; with the identical total drip water quantity, the greater single drip water quantity would result in deeper leaching of soil salt and favorable efficiency of anti-salinization; under the absence of groundwater recharge, the evaporation of soil solution was limited during the drip intervals; when the drip interval was small （less than 2 days）, the soil salinity continued to transfer to the deep soil; only when the drip interval was larger （more than 2 days）, the soil salt would move in fluctuate along soil depth, which brought the depth of salt accumulation decreasing.

关 键 词： 滴灌 滴灌频率 土壤水盐动态 抑制盐分 蒸发返盐