作　　者： (林丽）; (黄继谦）; (诸葛张明）; (丁志勇）; (陈尚勤）; (林振浪）;

机构地区： 325027,温州医科大学附属第二医院、育英儿童医院新生儿科

出　　处： 《中国新生儿科杂志》

摘　　要： 目的 总结超低出生体重(extremely low birth weight,ELBW)婴儿存活率和并发症发生情况,为提高ELBW婴儿救治水平提供参考.方法 回顾性分析我院1999年1月至2015年12月收治的ELBW婴儿,总结并比较不同出生体重ELBW婴儿存活率和并发症发生情况,通过多因素非条件Logistic回归分析影响ELBW婴儿存活率的危险因素.结果 研究期间共纳入ELBW婴儿243例,胎龄23 ～34周,中位胎龄27.3周;出生体重490 ～995 g,中位值890 g;剔除放弃的40例,治愈率和存活率分别为43.8％ (89/203)和65.0％(132/203),随出生体重增加存活率呈上升趋势,出生体重＜600 g存活率为0/3,出生体重900 ～999 g达70.8％(68/96)(x2趋势值12.673,P＜0.001).243例ELBW婴儿并发症前五位依次为新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征213例(87.7％),败血症110例(45.3％),脑室内出血91例(37.4％),支气管肺发育不良89例(36.6％),肺炎89例(36.6％).ELBW婴儿随出生体重增加,脑实质出血、脑积水发生率呈下降趋势.多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,影响ELBW婴儿存活的独立危险因素是出生体重＜800 g(＜700 g:OR =22.333,95％CI 1.493 ～ 334.148,P =0.024;700 ～799 g:OR =3.573,95％CI 1.075 ～ 11.874,P=0.038)、Ⅲ期坏死性小肠结肠炎(OR=8.803,95％CI 1.308～59.244,P=0.025)、Ⅲ～Ⅳ级脑室内出血(OR=8.902,95％CI 1.127 ～ 70.338,P=0.038)和机械通气(OR=3.597,95％ CI 1.043 ～ 12.410,P=0.043).结论 随着出生体重的增加,ELBW婴儿存活率增加,并发症发生率下降.影响ELBW婴儿存活的独立危险因素是出生体重、Ⅲ期坏死性小肠结肠炎、Ⅲ～Ⅳ级脑室内出血和机械通气. Objective To review the trends of survival rates and complications in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants and to improve the prognosis of ELBW infants.Method From January 1999 to December 2015,ELBW infants in our hospital were retrospectively studied.Their survival rates and complications were compared among groups with different birth weight,and the risk factors for survival were identified using multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis.Result A total of 243 ELBW infant were collected.The median gestational age of ELBW infant was 27.3 weeks (23 ～ 34 weeks),and their median birth weight was 890 g (490 ～ 995 g).Excluding 40 cases refused treatment,the cure and survival rates of the remaining 203 ELBW infants were 43.8％ (89/203) and 65.0％ (132/203),respectively.The survival rate in ELBW infant with birth weight ＜ 600 g was 0/3,increased to 70.8％ (68/96) when birth weight was 900 ～ 999 g,with an ascending trend with increased birth weight (x2 trend =12.673,P ＜0.001).The most common complications of 243 cases were neonatal respiration distress syndrome [87.7％ (213/243)],sepsis [45.3％ (110/243)],intraventricular hemorrhage [37.4％ (91/243)],bronchopulmonary dysplasia [36.6％ (89/243)] and pheumonia [36.6％ (89/243)].The incidence of complications (including intracerebral hemorrhage and hydrocephalus),decreased with increased birth weight.Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis found that birth weight below 800 g (＜ 700 g:OR =22.333,95％ CI 1.493 ～ 334.148,P =0.024;700 ～ 799 g:OR =3.573,95％ CI 1.075 ～ 11.874,P =0.038),stage Ⅲ necrotizing enterocolitis (OR =8.803,95％ CI 1.308 ～ 59.244,P =0.025),stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ of intraventricular hemorrhage (OR =8.902,95％ CI 1.127 ～ 70.338,P =0.038) and mechanical ventilation (OR =3.597,95％ CI 1.043 ～ 12.410,P =0.043) were risk factors affecting the ELBW infant's survival.Conclusion As birth weight increases,the survival rate also increases,and the rate of complications decreases.Birth weight,stage Ⅲ necrotizing enterocolitis,stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ intraventricular hemorrhage and mechanical ventilation are risk factors for the ELBW infant's survival.

分 类 号： [Z1]