作　　者： (韩晓飞）; (高明）; (谢德体）; (熊正辉）; (王帅）; (李红梅）; (彭征忠）; (商跃凤）;

机构地区： 重庆市农业技术推广总站

出　　处： 《水土保持研究》 2017年第5期39-44,共6页

摘　　要： 为探索长江上游紫色土旱坡地麦玉轮作系统减少农田磷素流失的最佳施肥模式,降低磷对水体富营养化的影响。2011—2015年,以紫色土旱坡地典型农作冬小麦和夏玉米为材料,在西南大学试验农场进行田间定点试验。试验采用随机区组设计,共设置7个田间小区试验,分别为倍量施磷肥(2P)、优化施肥(P)、优化施肥+猪粪有机肥(MP)、优化施肥+秸秆还田(SP)、优化施肥量磷减20%+猪粪有机肥(MDP)、优化施肥量磷减20%+秸秆还田(SDP)、不施磷肥(P0)。测定了各农田土壤基础性质,以及0—20,20—40,40—60cm土层土壤全磷和有效磷含量,并对不同施磷水平以及磷肥减量配施不同有机肥条件下紫色土旱坡地土壤磷素迁移流失进行了原位定点研究。结果表明:不同施肥条件下紫色土旱坡地总磷(TP)和总可溶性磷(TDP)迁移流失量有明显的差异。TP流失量大小依次为2P>P>MP>SP>MDP>SDP>P0。2P处理总磷流失量最高,P处理是SDP和MDP处理的1.5~2倍。TDP流失量大小依次为2P>MP>P>MDP>SP>SDP>P0。坡上除了P0和P处理全磷含量有所减少外,其他各处理全磷含量都呈增加趋势,坡中、坡下的增长幅度要大于坡上,其中坡下处理MP比种植季前增加了0.400g/kg。除了P0处理土壤有效磷含量降低外,其他各个小区处理坡上、坡中、坡下土壤中有效磷含量都呈增加趋势。猪粪有机肥和秸秆还田对土壤中磷素有一定的活化作用,促进了磷素在土壤中的迁移,且猪粪有机肥对土壤磷素活化作用更强。化学磷肥减量并配施有机肥是应对农业面源污染"控源节流"的较好措施。 In order to explore the optimum fertilization model for reducing the loss of phosphorus in purple soil sloping field in the Yangtze River Basin,as well as reducing the threat to the water quality of the Yangtze River,seven experiment plots were conducted consecutively in five years.The treatments are times the amount of applied fertilizer(2P),optimum fertilization(P),optimization fertilization+ pig manure organic fertilizer(MP),optimization fertilizer+ straw(SP),optimum amount of fertilizer phosphorus minus 20% pig manure organic fertilizer(MDP),optimization of fertilizer phosphorus reduced 20% straw(SDP)and No application of phosphate fertilizer(P0).The total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents at 0—20cm,20—40cm,40—60cm soil layers,the different level of phosphorus and migration characteristics of purple soil sloping field inorganic phosphorus were investigated.The results showed that the characteristics of the annual runoff of the soil under dry sloping field could be seen that the loss of total phosphorus(TP)and total soluble phosphorus(TDP)were significantly different under different fertilization treatments.TPlosses decreased in the order:2P>P>MP>SP>MDP>SDP>P0.TP loss in P treatment was about 1.5 to 2 times of those in the SDP and MDP treatments.TDP losses decreased in the order:2P>MP>P>MDP>SP>SDP>P0.Long-term of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can significantly increase the accumulation of phosphorus in soil,suppress the decreasing of P fixation,enhance P mobility and P use efficiency,the promoting effect of pig manure is bigger than the rice straw.The application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can significantly increase the content of available phosphorus in soil,and reduction of chemical phosphate fertilizer and combined application of organic fertilizer is a good measure to deal with‘source control and loss curb'of agricultural non-point source pollution.

关 键 词： 减磷配施有机肥 磷素流失 控源节流