作　　者： (刘森林）;

机构地区： 山东大学哲学与社会发展学院

出　　处： 《马克思主义理论学科研究》 2017年第4期42-56,共15页

摘　　要： 《德意志意识形态》中用于形容"现实的个人"的"现实性",与感性、经验、个体、具体、受时间限定等意义内在相关,或含有"有生命的""历史的""单独的"及"肉体的"之意义。主要指一种受生产力、社会生产关系决定的性质。受施蒂纳的影响和刺激,马克思恩格斯曾突出强调个体性的现实性意义,但同时他们也强烈意识到个体性所具有的现实性的有限性,强调阶级甚至仍然坚持"类"的现实性意义,在个体性与普遍性,经验性与本质性之间维持一种张力,而绝没有导向仅仅在20世纪初和改革开放初被中国学者大力弘扬的个体性之中寻求现实性。另外,虽不是强调的重点,但自然性仍然是历史唯物主义现实性观念的重要内涵,而实践活动的创造性才是整合、提升实存性与本质性之统一的最重要的"现实性"含义之所在。 There is a property in The German Ideology that is used for describing the 'reality' of 'realistic individual'. It contains the meaning of 'living', 'historical', 'alone' and 'physical', and has inherent correlation to the meaning of perception, experience, individual, specifics, and time-limited. It mainly refers to a property determined by productivity and social production relations. Influenced by Max Stirner, Marx and Engels had once highlighted the realistic significance of individuality, but they also had been strongly aware of the realistic finiteness of individuality, emphasizing the class even still adhering to the practical significance of 'type'. They maintained a tension between the individuality and universality, the experience and essence, instead of seeking reality from individuality which was greatly carried forward by Chinese scholars only at the beginning of the twentieth century and the beginning of the reform and opening up. In addition, although the naturality is not the emphasis, it is still the important connotation of the realistic concept of historical materialism. However, the most important meaning of 'reality' lies in the creativity of practical activities which aims to integrate and promote the unity of existence and essence.

关 键 词： 现实的个人 现实性 个体性 自然性 创造性