作　　者： (杨青青）; (范志伟）; (习金根）; (谭施北）; (郑金龙）; (梁艳琼）; (贺春萍）; (郑肖兰）; (吴伟怀）; (李锐）; (汪涵）; (易克贤）;

机构地区： 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口571101 海南省林业科学研究所,海南海口571100

出　　处： 《热带农业科学》 2017年第6期55-58,共4页

摘　　要： 雨季是剑麻园内杂草生长的高峰期,为了揭示剑麻园雨季杂草的群落多样性规律,找出剑麻园雨季杂草的优势种群,为剑麻园杂草综合治理提供理论依据。本研究选择在雨季对广东湛江的一个剑麻园进行杂草调查,运用群落生态学的方法分析杂草的多样性。结果显示:剑麻园的杂草有7科12属12种,主要的杂草为菊科(占比50%)。唇形科、豆科、防已科、海金沙科、蓼科、禾本科都是单属单种出现,每个科占比8.3%。鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、飞机草(Eupatorium odoratum)和含羞草(Mimosa pudica)是剑麻园雨季杂草中的优势种,重要值分别为36.83%、17.73%、12.29%。鬼针草是最主要的优势种,其盖度达到52.22%。薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)的重要值不大(4.34%),但其危害严重。剑麻园雨季杂草的群落多样性水平较低,各杂草物种均匀交错分布。建议在剑麻田间管理时,应考虑到杂草群落多样性的保护,控制剑麻园生态系统的稳定性,防止个别优势种的暴发而对剑麻产生严重危害。 Rainy season is the peak period of weed growth in plantations of sisal （Agave s/sdana）. In order to reveal the law of weed community diversity in sisal plantations to find out the dominant populations of the weeds to provide basis for the control of weeds in sisal plantations in rainy season, a survey was made of weeds in the sisal plantations in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, and the diversity of the weeds were analyzed by means of community ecology. The results showed that the weeds in the sisal plantations belonged to 7 families, 12 genera and 12 species, with the main weeds belonging to the family Compositae （50%）. Labiatae, Leguminosae, Menispermaceae, lygodiaceae, Polygonaceae and Gramineae had one genus and one species and each family accounted for 8.3%. Bidens pilosa, Eupatorium odoratum and Mimosa pudiea were the dominant species in the sisal plantation in rainy seasons, and their importance values were 36.83%, 17.73% and 12.29%, respectively. Bidens pilosa was the primary dominant species, and its coverage rate reached 52.22%. The importance value of micrantha mikania （4.34%） was not high, but the damages caused by this weed was serious. The weeds in the sisal plantations had a low level of community diversity in rainy season and their species were distributed in a staggered way. It is suggested to give more considerations to the protection of the diversity of weed communities in the sisal plantation during the field maintenance to control the stability of the eco-system in the sisal plantation to prevent the outbreak of individual weed species from damages to sisal plants.

关 键 词： 剑麻 群落 多样性 杂草 雨季