作　　者： (王瑛）; (刘天雪）; (李体上）; (林齐根）; (林乐）; (宋崇振）;

机构地区： 北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875 民政部-教育部减灾与应急管理研究院,北京100875

出　　处： 《自然灾害学报》 2017年第4期48-55,共8页

摘　　要： 我国的中小强度自然灾害(简称中小型灾害)造成的损失虽然相对较小,但发生频繁,多次累积影响甚至超过大灾。基于2000~2013年的多种来源灾害统计数据,中小型地震灾害主要集中在西部省份,其中云南和新疆最多,两个省的中小地震占全国总数的54%。中小型洪涝灾害发生频次的高值区主要集中在珠江流域北江和韩江支流上游地区、长江上游重庆段及嘉陵江支流流域、云南段等地。中小型旱灾频次最高的区域主要集中在我国长江中游的三峡地区,以及长江中下游的汉江、湘江、资江等支流流域。总体而言,我国中部、西部地区是中小型自然灾害的多发区、频发区,但这些地区的地方政府财政能力有限,中央政府对于这些多发区的中小型灾害也应予以救助,同时鼓励社会组织参与中小型自然灾害的救助工作。 China is a place where natural disasters take place many times,especially small and medium sized natural disasters（ SMND）. The losses caused by every SMND are lower,but the cumulative losses are even higher than those of big disaster because of SMNDs＇ more frequencies. Based on various statistic disaster data from the year2000 to 2013,we found that small and medium sized earthquake disasters in western provinces of China are much more than those of other regions. And Yunnan＇s and Xinjiang＇s small and medium sized earthquake disasters are the maximum of all western provinces,the total frequencies of them account for 54% of all those disasters in China. The small and medium sized floods are mainly concentrated in Beijiang River and Hanjiang River upstream region of Guangdong Province and the Yangtze River upstream region of Chongqing Municipolity and Yunnan Province,as well as Jialing River basin. While the sites with highest frequency of small and medium sized droughts are located in the Three Gorges region in the middle reach of the Yangtze River and its middle and lower regions,such as Hanjiang River,Xiangjiang River,Zijiang River and so on. All in all,there are much more SMNDs in central and western regions of China,however,financial ability of local governments is very limited to deal with the fre-quent disasters. Therfore,we suggest that central government should pay more attention to SMNDs in central and western regions and give these local governments a little more money to help them cope with SMNDs. At the same time,it is a great and wise decision to encourage more NGOs to participate in SMNDs＇ relief work.

关 键 词： 中小型灾害 空间格局 地震 洪涝 干旱