作　　者： (翟书华）; (殷根深）; (董晓琼）; (侯思名）; (杨晓虹）;

机构地区： 昆明学院生命科学与技术系,云南昆明650214

出　　处： 《北方园艺》 2017年第17期99-104,共6页

摘　　要： 以我国特有珍稀濒危水生植物海菜花为试材,采用石蜡切片法对海菜花的小孢子发生及雄配子体的发育过程进行了解剖学研究,以探讨其繁殖生物学特性。结果表明:海菜花雄花内含9~12枚雄蕊,每个花药有4个花粉囊,花药横切面呈蝴蝶型、哑铃状或不规则等多种形态,花粉壁完全分化时由外到内依次分为表皮、药室内壁、中层与绒毡层。小孢子母细胞减数分裂属连续型,四分体属左右对称型,偶见四面体型。观察到存在小孢子母细胞在减数分裂过程中出现微核、染色体落后、搭桥等异常现象,说明小孢子母细胞减数分裂异常是导致花粉败育的一个主要原因,影响海菜花的繁殖,成为海菜花数量不断减少而濒危的原因之一。 Ottelia acuminata of the specific rare and endangered aquatic plant in China was used as material,on the growth of microspore mother cells and development of male gametophyte was carried out to explore its reproductive biological characteristics by using paraffin-cut section method.The results showed that 9—12 stamens might exist in one female flower,4 pollen sacs in each anther,with different shapes as butterfly,dumbbell,even anomalous formation occurring in its transection.In this experiment it was also elucidated that pollen wall differentiated successively into 4 layers of epidermis,endothelium,middle layer and tapetum,and the type of meiosis for its microspore mother cells belonged to continuous one;tetrads to symmetrical one with tetrahedral type occasionally.Besides,such abnormal phenomenon of microspore mother cells as micronuclei,chromosomes lagging and chromosome bridges was observed in its process of meiosis,suggesting that abnormal meiosis of microspore mother cells was the main reason for pollen abortion,which affected its reproduction of Ottelia acuminata,and thus became one of the main factors causing a decrease of its quantity and being endangered for Ottelia acuminata.

关 键 词： 海菜花 小孢子 雄配子体 异常现象