作　　者： (赵璟）; (张树剑）;

机构地区： 南京中医药大学第二临床医学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处： 《中国针灸》 2017年第9期1007-1014,共8页

摘　　要： 收集整理了民国时期针灸教材67种,并据其体例,划分为早(1912—1927年)、中(1928—1939年)、晚(1940—1949年)三期。早期教材以传统类针灸教材为主,多数体例单一,内容侧重于经络腧穴,初步引入了近代科学理论;中期教材体例以"西医版块+针灸学版块"和"总论→经穴→手术(刺灸法)→治疗"两大模式为主,内容上融入西医解剖、生理、病理知识,注重临床实用性,仍有部分教材依旧沿用传统针灸理论;晚期教材体例以"针科学、灸科学、经穴学、治疗学"为主,或在原有"总论→经穴→刺灸术→治疗学"的体例中加入诊断学内容,或为"总论→孔穴学→治疗学"体例,内容上延续和完善了中期教材中西汇通特点,更具科学性,同时重穴轻脉,融入诊断学内容,初步构建了针法、灸法、腧穴、治疗等为核心内涵的针灸学科体系框架。教材体例和内容的变化,对建国后统编针灸教材的编写产生了很大影响。 Sixty-seven textbooks in the Republic of China have been collected and divided into three stages according to their editing modes,named the early stage （1912-1927）,the middle stage （1928-1939） and the late stage （1940-1949）. The traditional teaching material of acupuncture was predominated at the early stage in the textbook compilation; meanwhilethe editing mode was simple, and the content of it focuses on meridians, collaterals and acupoints and the modern scientific theories have been preliminarily introduced. The textbooks at the middle stage were edited as two modes, ＆quot;western medicine＋acupuncture＆quot; and ＆quot;general introduction→meridian points→manipulation （techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion）→treatment＆quot;.The knowledge in anatomy,physiology and pathology of western medicine has been involved in content,giving the great consideration to the clinical practicability. However,a part of textbooks still followed the traditional theory of acupuncture at the middle stage.At the late stage,the textbooks were edited align with＆quot;acupuncture science,moxibustion science,meridian point science and treatment science＆quot;;or in supplementation of the＆quot;diagnosis＆quot;on the base of＆quot;general introduction→ meridian points→techniques of acupuncture→treatment＆quot;, or edited as＆quot;general introduction→points→treatment＆quot;. The compilation of the textbooks at this stage not only followed but also improved the integration of western and Chinese medicine as that at the middle stage,which turned to be more scientific.Additionally,in the teaching content, the acupoint was much more considerable as compared with pulse and the section of diagnosis has been involved.As a result,a framework of acupuncture discipline has been established preliminarily by taking acupuncture technique,moxibustion technique, acupoints and treatment as the core.The development of the editing mode and content of textbooks played a great impact on the unified compilat

关 键 词： 民国时期 针灸教材 教材体例 教材内容