作　　者： (姚轶峰）; (那子晔）;

机构地区： 北京交通大学城乡规划系,北京100044

出　　处： 《建筑遗产》 2017年第3期34-43,共10页

摘　　要： 整体性保护是历史城镇保护的核心原则,它最初来自于20世纪70年代意大利博洛尼亚历史中心的保护实践,推广的过程中往往被称为博洛尼亚模式。文章剖析了博洛尼亚模式的时代背景、构思逻辑、实践过程与经验得失,并指出构成这一模式的五个方面内容:以地方政府及公共部门为执行主体、以公共财政为资金保障、以公共住宅政策为实施工具、以规划设计方案为技术策略,以及以公共干预与居民参与为实施手段。文章认为整体性保护之博洛尼亚实践在20世纪六七十年代的时空背景下具有三个方面的价值追求:历史中心全面的物质性保护,维护社会结构、活力和公正的社会性保护,以及实现新旧城区的均衡发展。虽然博洛尼亚实践具有特殊性,但其历史贡献在于对整体性保护理论的探索与实践应用,尤其是以居民为保护工作的核心、从区域和城市整体发展出发制定保护策略,以及地方公共部门实施主动干预的态度与能力三个方面。 Integrated conservation is the core principle of urban conservation which was originated from the conservation of the historic centre of Bologna in the 1970s, and is called the Bologna Mode. The paper analyses its emergence, conceptualisation, process and the lessons learned from its experience, and points out fve aspects constituting the practice： local government and public authorities as the principal executor, public funding as the fnancial resource, public housing policy as the implementing tool, planning and designing projects as technical solutions, and direct public intervention and active community participation as implementing means. The paper contends that the integrated conservation and Bologna practice have three values： the overall physical conservation of historic centre, social conservation for maintaining the social structure, vitality and justice, and the realisation of a balanced development between old and new urban areas. Although the Bologna practice was exceptional in the context of the 1960s and the 1970s, its historical contributions lie in the invention of integrated conservation theory and its application, particularly the placement of residents as the core in conservation works, the conservation solutions oriented by integrated urban development, and the active attitudes and capabilities of local authorities in carrying out public intervention.

关 键 词： 整体性保护 博洛尼亚实践 历史中心