作　　者： (肖汉平）; (周军勇）; (伍先军）; (侯艳）;

机构地区： 旺苍县疾病预防控制中心,四川旺苍628200

出　　处： 《现代预防医学》 2017年第17期3109-3112,3117,共5页

摘　　要： 目的分析旺苍县重点职业病危害监测与职业病防病特征,探讨该县重点职业病防控问题与需求,为重点职业病防控政策的制定和监督管理实践提供科学依据。方法按照《2016年四川省重点职业病监测及职业健康风险评估工作实施方案》的要求制定调查方案,系统收集工业企业基本信息、职业病危害种类与危害水平、职业健康监护与职业病诊断与鉴定信息及工伤保险信息,并进行描述性分析。结果旺苍县2016年职业病危害涉及企业194家,接害人数共3 859人;90.7%的企业存在粉尘和噪声危害,多为中小微企业(99.5%)及私有企业(92.3%)其中接触粉尘人数占总接害人群的76.8%。重点职业病危害因素监测覆盖率为78.9%(153家),其中小、微煤矿粉尘监测合格率仅为50%~60%。总体噪声监测合格率为57.8%;三苯监测合格率为100%。重点职业病危害因素职业健康检查率仅为22.2%。检出新发职业病57人,均为煤工尘肺。现患尘肺1 322例,主要集中在中小型煤炭开采企业。辖区95%以上的煤矿未能按规定缴纳工伤保险费,职业病赔偿状况不容乐观。总体上旺苍县职业病风险等级主要为一般,但重点职业病危害因素粉尘和噪声超标严重。结论旺苍县2016年职业病危害严重,涉及范围大,职业健康体检覆盖率低,健康保险落实情况不容乐观。当地职业卫生部门和机构应加强中小型煤矿、非煤矿山开采行业职业病危害控制工作,督促其建立和落实职业健康管理制度,并逐步落实对职业病罹患人群的经济补偿和健康保障。 Objective To analyze the status for the monitoring and prevention of key occupational diseases in Wangcang county ,as well as to explore problems and needs regarding occupational disease prevention and control, which may provide scientific basis for supervision and management practice associated with the prevention and control for major occupational disease. Methods According to the survey plan, the basic information of occupational diseases and related risk levels, such as the occupational health care, diagnosis and identification of occupational diseases etc. were collected systematically for descriptive analysis. Results Occupation diseases were found in 194 companies, and the total number of affected people was 3 859.90.7% of the enterprises have dust and sound pollution, most of which are small and micro enterprises （99.5%） and private enterprises （92.3%）. The total dust exposure rate was 76.8% in Wangcang at 2016. The monitoring coverage rate of major occupational hazard factors was 78.9%, of which the passing rate of dust pollution in small and micro mines was only 50% - 60%. The overall passing rate of noise was 57.8% and 100% for benzene monitoring. The rate of occupational health examination for key occupational hazards was only 22.2%. A total of 57 new cases with occupational diseases were detected, all of which were pneumoconiosis. There are currently 1 322 cases of pneumoconiosis, which are mainly found in small and medium -sized coal mining enterprises. More than 95% of the coal mines in the area failed to pay the industrial injury insurance premiums according to the regulations, and the status of occupational disease compensation is underwhelmingly satisfactory. Generally speaking,the occupational disease risk in Wangcang county is at a modest level,but hazards related to dust and noise have exceeded the limit. Conclusion Occupational hazards in Wangcang county were serious in 2016, with a large affected population. Low coverage rate of occupational health examination, the number of occupat

关 键 词： 重点职业病危害 职业健康风险 监测 评估