作　　者： (王丽佳）; (刘兴元）;

机构地区： 兰州大学草地农业科技学院,草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州730020

出　　处： 《生态学报》 2017年第17期5798-5806,共9页

摘　　要： 实施草地生态补偿政策是恢复退化草地、建设生态安全屏障、提高牧民生活水平,促进牧区社会经济发展的重要手段。研究牧民对草地生态补偿政策的满意度及其影响因素,对完善我国草地生态补偿政策,提高补偿绩效具有重要意义。选取甘肃牧区中甘南、肃南和天祝三地500户牧民作为样本数据,结合问卷调查与深度访谈,构建有序Logit模型,从牧民一般社会经济特征、对其居住与放牧地区生态环境评估,以及对生活满意度评估三方面入手研究了牧民对草地生态补偿政策实施的满意度及其影响因素。结果表明,影响牧民对补偿政策满意度的显著因素包括牧民受教育水平、牲畜养殖数量与体重变化情况、补偿金额、牧民对环境与经济重要性的评估,以及对社会福利满意度的主观评价。从政策角度看,提高牧民受教育水平,改变牧民传统放牧观念;改善贫困牧民生活水平,提高牧民社会福利;优化补偿方式,构建补偿政策监管体系,有利于草地生态补偿政策的进一步完善与有效实施。 The grassland ecological compensation policy is an important measure to restore degraded grasslands, build an ecological security barrier, improve living standards of herders, as well as promote social and economic development. The pastoral grassland ecological compensation policy was implemented in 2011 in China. Research on herders＇ satisfaction with the policy and its influencing factors is helpful to the improvement of the policy, and thus promotes the performance of compensation in China. Five hundred herders were selected from Gannan, Sunan, and Tianzhu counties in Gansu Province. Using a combination of questionnaires and in-depth interviews, employing an ordered logit model, this study analyzed herders＇ satisfaction with the grassland eco-compensation policy and investigated the impact factors on herders＇ satisfaction from the perspective of their socio-economic characteristics, and attitude towards living conditions and social welfare, as well as their assessment of the relative importance of the grazing environment and economic benefits. The descriptive statistical results revealed large differences in the grassland eco-compensation subsidy and family income among the three counties. Sixty percent of the herders supported the opinion that economic benefits and environmental protection were of equal importance. Over one-third of the herders were unsatisfied with pro-poor policies and the minimum subsistence policy. The percentage of the grassland ecological subsidy income to the total family income of herders has exceeded 25%. The ordered logit regression results demonstrated that the factors affecting herders＇ satisfaction with the grassland ecological compensation policy involved the herder＇s years of academic education, number of livestock raised, changes in the weight of livestock, amount of subsidy obtained from the government, attitude towards the relative importance of grassland environment and economic benefits, as well as the evaluation of social welfare. Specifically, herders＇ educat

关 键 词： 牧区 草地生态补偿政策 有序 模型 满意度