作　　者： (韩晓佳）; (王亚娟）; (刘小鹏）; (叶均艳）; (温胜强）;

机构地区： 宁夏大学资源环境学院,银川750021 宁夏（中阿）旱区资源评价与环境调控重点实验室,银川750021

出　　处： 《应用生态学报》 2017年第9期3061-3070,共10页

摘　　要： 生态移民安置区内,不同群体在生态环境保护方面存在复杂的利益冲突.基于安置区内利益群体对风险类别、干扰强度的识别,构建相应的决策模型,是生态移民安置区生态风险管理亟待解决的重要课题.本文依据利益相关者理论划分出生态移民安置区4类不同利益群体,并采用参与式半结构访谈法和定性聚合法,构建了3类一级变量和13个二级变量的生态风险因子体系,进一步运用模糊认知图模型(FCM)和人工神经网络(ANN)开展生态移民安置区生态风险识别.结果表明:从利益相关者群体生态风险变量认知来看,其共同点是不同利益群体对垃圾污染风险变量提及数量最多,但整体上又存在显著差异,即管理者注重环境保护政策的制定和实施;居民则关注生活水平的提高,且直接关系到其环保意识和行为;经济活动者多追求经济利益;环境保护者专注于生态环境问题.不同利益相关者群体认知图论指数结果显示,管理者和环境保护者对安置区生态风险认知较为全面且清晰.从安置区4方利益相关者的整体风险认知结果来看,生态环境风险因子显著影响居民的人身安全及满意度;公共政策对安置区风险管理起关键作用;风险变量的中心度结果进一步表明,提高居民生活水平是防范生态风险的关键.从利益相关者群体生态风险感知与管理情景模拟结果来看,解决垃圾污染有助于生态环境整体改善,且关键是要完善和落实相关公共政策;建立健全社会保障制度,直接关系居民生活水平和环保行为;加强基础设施建设,影响景观生态格局、生物生境和多样性,同时可提高居民满意度和公众参与度. In ecological resettlement area, there are complex conflicts of interest among different holders＇ knowledge of category and interference intensity in ecological resettlement area. This paper categorized migrants in ecological resettlement into four different interest groups in accordance with stakeholder theory, and adopted participatory semi-structured interview and qualitative polymeriza- tion to build an ecological risk factor system with 3 primary variables and 13 secondary variables. Besides, the ecological risk identification was further carried out by utilizing Fuzzy Cognitive Map （FCM） and Artificial Neural Network （ANN） model. The cognitive results of stakeholder groups revealed that the garbage pollution risk variable was most widely mentioned by different interest groups. In the meanwhile, obvious differences existed among stakeholder groups on ecological risk variables. The managers paid attention to the formulation of environmental protection and the implementation of the policy ; the residents were concerned about the improvement of the living standard, which was directly related to the environmental consciousness and behaviors; most of the operators pursued economic interests and environmentalists focused on the eco-environmental problems. The graph theory index of stakeholder groups showed that the managers and environmentalists were more comprehensive and clear with regard to the understanding of ecological risks in resettlement areas. The overall risk cognition results of all the stakeholders in the resettlement area revealed that the ecological environmental risk factors significantly affected the safety and satisfaction of residents, and the public policy played a major role in the risk management of resettlement areas. The centrality of risk variables further showed that improving the living standards was the key to prevent ecological risks. The results of ecological risk perception and management scenarios showed that solving the problem of garbage pollution could improve the ecolo

关 键 词： 生态移民安置区 生态风险 利益相关者 风险识别