作　　者： (王崇瑞）; (梁志强）; (索纹纹）; (伍远安）; (何平）; (伍骥）; (危起伟）; (刘训华）;

机构地区： 湖南省水产科学研究所,长沙410153

出　　处： 《应用生态学报》 2017年第9期3032-3040,共9页

摘　　要： 2013年1月和2014年1月对湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区内5个大鲵栖息地河段进行了大型无脊椎动物采样调查.结果表明:2次采样分别鉴定出大型无脊椎动物73和78个分类单元,隶属5门8纲16目,均以水生昆虫为优势类群,分别占总分类单元总数的90.4%和89.7%;2次采样大型无脊椎动物平均密度分别为1610.4和1671.4 ind·m^(-2),平均生物量分别为11.22和12.34 g·m^(-2).2次调查各采样点大型无脊椎动物Shannon指数平均值分别为2.45和2.33,Margalef丰富度指数平均值分别为4.01和3.76,Pielou均匀度指数平均值分别为0.72和0.69,表明大鲵栖息地河段生境质量有所下降.张家界大鲵栖息地河段大型无脊椎动物丰度-生物量曲线分析表明,骡子塔和芭茅溪采样点河段生境受到中等扰动,七眼泉为受干扰最轻微的河段.基于大型无脊椎动物密度的Bray-Curtis相似性系数的NMDS分析结果显示,在40%的相似度下,2013年各样点都可以较好地聚在一起,2014年各样点较为离散.对各采样点在NMDS第一轴和第二轴上的得分与环境因子的Spearman相关性分析表明,河宽、铵态氮、海拔、化学需氧量和五日生化需要量与大型无脊椎动物显著相关.保护区内大鲵栖息地生境整体上仍相对良好,可以满足大鲵的生态需求,但保护区的某些区域人为破坏较重.建议采取严格的管理制度和科学的保护措施来遏制人为破坏,并逐步恢复大鲵栖息生境. In January 2013 and 2014, field investigations were conducted at 5 sampling sites located in the Hunan Zhangjiajie Chinese Giant Salamander National Nature Reserve. The results showed that： 1） A total of 73 and 78 taxa were identified in two surveys, respectively, belonging to 16 orders, 8 classes, and 5 phyla. Aquatic insects dominated the macroinvertebrate assemblages, accounting for 90.4% and 89.7% of the total number of taxa in the two surveys, respectively; 2） The average density of macroinvertebrates was 1610.4 ind·m^-2 and 1671.4 ind·m^-2, and the average biomass of macroinvertebrates was 11.22 g·m^-2and 12.34 g·m^-2 in the two surveys, respectively; 3） The two surveys had, respectively, an average Shannon diversity index （H） of 2.45 and 2.33, an average Margalef diversity index （dM） of 4.01 and 3.76, and an average Pielou evenness index （J） of 0.72 and 0.69. By comparing the average biodiversity indices between January 2013 and 2014, the habitat quality of Chinese giant salamander appeared to have declined; 4） The comparison curves of abundance and biomass at each sampling site in the two surveys indicated that the quality of river habitat experienced moderate disturbance at sampling sites S1 and S5, and that only sampling site S4 was undisturbed; 5） Nonmetric multidimensional scaling （NMDS） ordination, based on macroinvertebrate abundance, showed the convergence between all sampling sites was better in 2013 than in 2014 under a similarity of 40%; 6） The association between the NMDS ordination scores （axis 1 and axis 2） and environmental variables were tested by Spearman rank correlation. The results showed that the following environmental variables had explanatory power on macroinvertebrate assemblage： River width, NH4^＋-N, altitude, CODMn, and BOD5. In summary, the relationship between macroinvertebrate composition and environmental factors showed that some streams in the Reserve still supported a relatively favorable habitat, which could

关 键 词： 大鲵 大型无脊椎动物 曲线 环境因子 生境评价