作　　者： (杨文亭）; (王晓维）; (徐健程）; (缪建群）; (王淑彬）; (杨滨娟）; (黄国勤）;

机构地区： 江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,南昌330045 江西农业大学农学院,南昌330045

出　　处： 《应用生态学报》 2017年第9期2993-3002,共10页

摘　　要： 通过2年田间定位试验(2013—2014),利用干漏斗法收集土壤中小型动物,探讨不同种植模式(玉米单作、玉米大豆间作、大豆单作)和施氮(0、150 kg·hm-2)对红壤土壤动物数量和群落结构的影响.结果表明:两年取样共捕获土壤中小型动物8349只,分属3门10纲29目,优势类群为蜱螨目和弹尾目.2013年间作和施氮均提高了玉米拔节期土壤动物的平均密度.2014年土壤动物类群数较2013年有明显的增加,施氮条件下的土壤动物平均密度较不施氮有所增加.两年多因素方差分析结果表明,种植模式和生育期对土壤动物平均密度、类群数和多样性指数都无显著影响.但在2014年,施氮显著影响了土壤动物类群数、Simpson指数和密度-类群指数;种植模式与玉米生育期的交互作用显著影响了土壤动物平均密度和类群数,同时对密度-类群和丰富度指数也有显著影响;施氮和生育期的交互作用显著影响了Simpson指数、密度-类群指数和Shannon指数.从两年的土壤动物群落去趋势分析结果来看,红壤地土壤动物群落在种植模式和施氮水平之间均没有明显的差异,群落组成的变化与玉米生育期相关.合理施氮条件下的玉米-大豆间作模式有利于提高红壤地土壤中小型动物平均密度和类群数,保持较好的多样性. A two-year （2013-2014） field experiment was conducted to explore the effect of cropping systems （corn monoeulture, soybean monoculture and corn-soybean intercropping） and nitrogen application rate （0, 150 kg ·hm^-2） on soil meso- and micro-invertebrate community composition and structure by using were found during the two Tullgren in red soil. The results showed that a total ot 7860 individuals years, which belonged to 29 orders, 10 classes and 3 phyla. The dominant groups were Acarina and Collembola. Intercropping and nitrogen application both increased the average density of soil fauna at jointing stage of corn in 2013. The number of groups of soil fauna was obvious higher in 2014 than that in 2013. Meanwhile, nitrogen application could increase the average density of soil fauna in 2014. From the results of two-year multi-variance analyses on soil fauna, cropping pattern and corn growth stage had no significant impact on soil meso- and micro-invertebrate community. But in 2014, nitrogen application significantly affected the soil fauna group, indexes of Simpson and density-group （DG） ; the interaction between cropping pattern and corn growth stage obviously affected soil fauna average density, group number, DG and abundance; the interaction between nitrogen application rate and corn growth stage obviously affected indexes of Simpson, DG and Shannon. From the resuhs of detrended correspondence analysis （DCA） , cropping pattern and nitrogen application rate had no obvious impact on soil meso- and micro-invertebrate community in red soil. The dynamic of community structure was related with corn growth stages. In conclusion, corn-soybean intercropping with reasonable nitrogen application could improve soil meso- and micro-invertebrate average density and group, and sustain a good diversity of soil fauna in red soil.

关 键 词： 红壤 土壤动物 多样性 间作 氮