作　　者： (薛夷风）;

机构地区： 厦门大学法学院,厦门361005

出　　处： 《南京大学法律评论》 2017年第1期75-88,共14页

摘　　要： 中国现行的周岁计龄法是借鉴西方的产物。帝制时代通行的计龄法是不很稳定的虚岁计龄法,因该时代呈现国家与社会的两重分立,由此产生的计龄标准也往往多变。清末以来,计龄方法逐渐西化,以生日为判断标准的周岁概念渗入宪法、民法、刑法等法律中,但民间对周岁的使用仍存两可态度,形成虚岁与周岁在民间与法律中并行的状态。近代计龄法转变的根本原因在于权利观的转变,即帝制时代的权力本位逐渐向西方式的权利本位转变。这是权力行使与权利保障精确化的内在共同要求的结局。因此,从虚岁到周岁的变化反映了中国法律从传统到现代、从恩赐到权利转变的一个侧面。 The current method to calculate age in China is borrowed from western world. In ancient time, what seemed prevalent was the unstable Chinese traditional age-counting method. This revealed a discrepancy between nation and society, due to which the standards of age as such were changeable under different circumstances. Since the end of Qing Dynasty, the method to calculate age had been gradually westernized. While birthday was used as a benchmark for fixing age as Constitutional Law, Civil Law, Criminal Law, and other regulations suggested, traditional and modern age-counting method ran parallel among the people because the latter still hung in the balance. The root cause of the transition in modern history is a change in the values of fight, i. e. from power-ofiented status in monarchy time to right-oriented under western influence, which is a result of common inherent request from exercise and precise safeguard of right. Therefore, the transition of method to count age reflects one aspect of Chinese law evolving from tradition to modem, from grace to fight.

关 键 词： 虚岁 周岁 计龄 西学东渐 权利本位