作　　者： (杨雅婷）; (陈永生）; (管春松）; (高庆生）; (崔志超）;

机构地区： 农迪部南京农迪机槭化研究斯,南京210014

出　　处： 《农业工程技术》 2017年第19期29-32,共4页

摘　　要： 草莓是一种深受大众喜爱的短季节栽培水果,温室条件下的草莓已成为中国发展速度最快、效益最高的果树树种之一。温室土壤草莓栽培劳动强度大,品质难以进一步提高,利润空间低;无土架式栽培管理方便,实用性强,既可提高空间利用率,还大大降低劳动强度。其中"H"形栽培架的空间利用率高,管理简便,应用广泛,但其温室利用率不高,且架体体积庞大,运输成本较高。因此,作者团队研发了移动装配式草莓栽培架系统,通过标准化单元加工、现场组装的方式降低了运输和安装成本,可根据温室结构的尺寸自由调节单元数量,适应范围广;通过栽培架往复平移,充分利用了固定栽培架之间的人工作业通道,极大地提高了温室空间利用率和单位面积种植密度;通过设计省力化摇臂的驱动方式和自动排水部件,降低了系统运行对人工的依赖,降低了用工数量和劳动强度。该系统为温室高密度栽培和种植物流化管理提供了一种解决思路,有助于下一步实现温室超高密度、超高产高架栽培模式。为设施草莓优质高产栽培提供了一种可复制模式,有助于满足长江中下游地区的草莓有效供给,提高土地生产率和降低劳动生产强度。 Strawberry cultivation has been developed rapidly as one of the most popular and profitable fruit. Labor strength of strawberry soil cultivation in protected facilities is large but quality and profit are hard to be increased in further. While strawberry soilless cultivation has the merit of high utility rate of space and low labor strength. Among these soilless cultivation, cultivation frame in “H” shape is easy to manage and applied widely, but the utility rate of greenhouse is not enough high yet, and the frame dimension is too big to be transported easily. So movable and assembled strawberry cultivation frame was invented. Standardizing cultivation frame units could be assembled in greenhouse in order to reduce transporting and installing cost, and the amount of all cultivation frame units could be adjusted according greenhouse size to adapt to different demands. Cultivation frame could be moved backwards and forwards, therefore passageways for workers to manage strawberry cultivation were reused in immovable cultivation frame system, and utility rate of greenhouse and planting density were enhanced in further. Dependence of cultivation frame system on labor, number of employees and labor strength were reduced by laborsaving manual drive mode and drainage operated automatically. The system provided a method of greenhouse high density cultivation and logistic cultivation management, which contributes to ultrahigh density and ultrahigh yield cultivation frame system. And the system also provided a greenhouse strawberry cultivation mode with high quality and yield, which could help to meet demands of strawberry consumption.

关 键 词： 空间利用率 调节单元 高密度栽培 自动排水 土地生产率 季节栽培 省力化 物流化 种植密度 人工作业