作　　者： (魏朝青）; (周慧慧）; (王旋）; (麦康森）; (徐玮）; (何艮）;

机构地区： 中国海洋大学水产学院,农业部水产动物营养与饲料重点实验室,青岛266003

出　　处： 《动物营养学报》 2017年第9期3392-3402,共11页

摘　　要： 本试验旨在研究高植物蛋白质饲料中添加丁酸钠对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及肝脏抗氧化功能的影响,探索提高水产饲料中植物蛋白质替代鱼粉比例的可行性方法。以鱼粉、豆粕、玉米蛋白粉、谷朊粉、花生粕和啤酒酵母为蛋白质源,鱼油、椰子油和大豆卵磷脂为脂肪源,小麦粉为糖源,配制5种等氮等能的试验饲料。其中,以含60%鱼粉的基础饲料为阳性对照组(FM组),以复合植物蛋白质源替代基础饲料中50%鱼粉的替代饲料为阴性对照组(CON组),以在替代饲料中分别添加0.15%(D1组)、0.30%(D2组)和0.60%(D3组)丁酸钠的饲料为试验组。用上述5种试验饲料分别饲喂初始体重为(13.00±0.01)g的大菱鲆幼鱼58d,试验在室内养殖系统中进行,每种试验饲料投喂3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。结果表明:1)随着丁酸钠添加水平的增加,大菱鲆幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率和饲料效率呈现先升高后降低的趋势,其中FM、D1和D2组增重率、饲料效率和特定生长率显著高于CON组(P<0.05),而各组间摄食率无显著差异(P>0.05);除D2组脏体比与FM组无显著差异(P>0.05)外,其他各组的脏体比均显著低于FM组(P<0.05);各组全鱼水分、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)D1组干物质表观消化率显著高于CON组(P<0.05),与FM组无显著差异(P>0.05);D1组蛋白质表观消化率显著高于CON、D2和D3组(P<0.05),与FM组无显著差异(P>0.05);D2和D3组之间干物质和蛋白质表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)D2组肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于CON组(P<0.05),肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。由此得出,在本试验条件下,高植物蛋白质饲料中添加0.15%的丁酸钠能够提高大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和肝脏抗氧化功能,过量添加丁酸钠会降低大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能。 In this study, a feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of sodium butyrate in high plant protein diets on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility coefficients and liver antioxidant function of juvenile turbot （Scophthalmus maximus L.）, and to explore the feasible method for improving substitution of fish meal by plant protein. Using fish meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, vital gluten, peanut meal and beer yeast as protein sources, fish oil, coconut oil and soybean lecithin as lipid sources, and wheat meal as carbohydrate source, five isonitrogen and isocaloric experimental diets were formulated. Among them, the basal diet formulated with 60% fish meal was set as the positive control group （FM group）, the substituted diet which used mixed plant protein sources to replace 50% fish meal was set as the negative control group （CON group）, and the other three diets which were supplemented with 0.15% （D1 group）, 0.30% （D2 group） and 0.60% （D3 group） sodium butyrate into the substituted diet, respectively, were set as the experimental groups. Each diet was assigned to three replicates of 30 juvenile turbot with an initial body weight of （13.00±0.01） g for 58 days in an indoor aquaculture system. The results showed as follows：1） with the increase of sodium butyrate supplemental level, the weight gain rate （WGR）, specific growth rate （SGR） and feed efficiency （FE） were increased firstly and decreased subsequently. The WGR, SGR and FE in FM, D1 and D2 groups were significantly higher than those in CON group （P〈0.05）, while no significant difference in feed intake （FI） was observed among groups （P〉0.05）. For the viscerosomatic index （VSI）, compared with FM group, the D2 group had no significant difference （P〉0.05）, but the other group were significantly decreased （P〈0.05）. No significant differences in whole fish moisture, crude protein and crude lipid contents were observed among groups （P�

关 键 词： 丁酸钠 大菱鮮幼鱼 生长性能 表观消化率 抗氧化能力