作　　者： (王可洪）; (张冠雄）; (岳俊生）; (刘红）;

机构地区： 重庆大学资源及环境科学学院,重庆400044

出　　处： 《三峡生态环境监测》 2017年第3期62-68,80,共8页

摘　　要： 为了解消落带地表蜘蛛多样性及其空间分布规律,于2016年6月和8月运用陷阱法调查了三峡库区澎溪河支流白夹溪消落带不同水位高程样地(145 m、150 m、155 m、160 m、165 m、170 m、175 m、180 m)地表蜘蛛多样性。结果表明,消落带地表蜘蛛共有20科,优势类群为狼蛛科和园蛛科,河岸高地区域有4个特有科,说明消落带受周期性水位变动的影响,已经丧失了部分种类。消落带经历周期性淹水后,改变了土壤、植被等环境因子,对蜘蛛的群落组成、个体数量以及多样性均产生显著影响。蜘蛛类群数量随高程的增加而增加,而地表蜘蛛个体数量随高程增加呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,个体数量最高为165 m。多样性指数分析表明,河岸高地以及175 m高程蜘蛛多样性较高,反映了周期性水位干扰是影响消落带地表蜘蛛多样性的关键因子。 Ground-dwelling spider diversity in the water level fluctuation zone(WLFZ) of the Three Gorges Reservoir was investigated. The sampling was carried out in eight elevation gradients(145 m, 150 m, 155 m, 160 m,165 m, 170 m, 175 m, 180 m) by pitfall trapping in June and August 2016. A total of 850 individuals, belonging to 20 families, was collected. Lycosidae and Araneidae dominated the WLFZ. The species composition and abundance changed dramatically across the eight elevation gradients after periodic flooding. The spider abundance increased below 165 m, then decreased above along the gradients. But the number of the families showed a rising tendency from the river channel to the bank upland. A few species disappeared after periodic flooding, and the biodiversity at the upland and the 175 m level was higher than those at other elevations because of less flooding disturbance.The results indicate that the periodic water level fluctuation is the key factor influencing the spider diversity in the WLFZ.

关 键 词： 地表蜘蛛 群落结构 消落带 生物多样性