作　　者： (杜纪红）; (叶正文）; (苏明申）; (周慧娟）; (李雄伟）;

机构地区： 上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所,上海201403

出　　处： 《上海农业学报》 2017年第4期67-71,共5页

摘　　要： 对‘沪油002’‘沪油018’‘中油9号’三个油桃品种进行了大棚栽培和露地栽培的比较试验。结果表明:大棚内‘沪油002’‘沪油018’‘中油9号’三个油桃品种花粉量分别是露地栽培的82.5%、70.0%、70.0%,离体花粉萌发率分别是露地栽培的55.07%、70.66%和32.30%,离体花粉管长度分别是露地栽培的57.06%、77.58%、56.66%,畸形花粉粒比例分别是露地栽培的1.72倍、1.74倍和4.27倍;‘中油9号’受大棚影响花粉活力降低最多,生产上应该进行人工辅助授粉;大棚内花期低于0℃的时间累积达37 h,高于25℃以上时间累积达22 h,而露地桃园低于0℃和高于25℃以上的累积时间均为3 h;大棚内花期的日温差平均值为16.6℃,变化幅度3.2—34.0℃露地花期平均日温差9.54℃,变化幅幅度为2.7—16.7℃。推测大棚内较长时间的累计低温和较大的日温差是花粉发育不良的主要原因。 The comparative tests of 3 nectarine varieties ＇ Huyou 002＇ ＇ Huyou 018＇ and ＇ Zhongyou 9＇ were carried out between greenhouse culture and open culture. The results showed that in greenhouse culture the above 3 varieties＇ pollen quantities were respectively 82.5%, 70.0% and 70.0% as many as those in open culture ,their pollen in vitro germination rates were respectively 55.07% ,70.66% and 32.30% as high as those in open culture,their in vitro pollen tube lengths were respectively 57.06% ,77.58% and 56.66% as long as those in open culture,and their pollen malformation rates were respectively 72% ,74% and 327% greater than those in open culture; In greenhouse culture the variety ＇ Zhongyou 9＇ decreased the largest in pollen viability and should be pollinated artificially; The accumulated times of less than 0 ℃ and greater than 25 ℃ in flowering period were respectively 37 h and 22 h in greenhouse culture and all 3 h in open culture; The diurnal temperature difference mean value in flowering period was 16.6 ℃ in greenhouse culture and 9.54℃ in open culture, and the amplitude of variation in flowering period was 3.2--34.0 ℃ in greenhouse culture and 2.7- 16.7 ℃ in open culture. It was speculated that the major factors of pollen maldevelopment in greenhouse culture were longer accumulated time of low temperature and greater diurnal temperature difference.

关 键 词： 油桃 花粉 花粉萌发率 花粉管伸长 大棚栽培 比较试验