作　　者： (杨光仙）; (胡程达）; (彭记永）; (卢红华）;

机构地区： 中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,郑州450003 河南省气象科学研究所,郑州450003

出　　处： 《气象与环境科学》 2017年第2期39-43,共5页

摘　　要： 通过2011-2013年2个越冬期的盆栽试验,利用高低温(交变)湿热试验箱研究了不同最低温度下(-9℃、-6℃、-3℃和0℃)冬灌对冬小麦叶片理化性质、产量构成要素及产量的影响。结果表明,与最低温度为0℃的处理相比,在最低温度为-9℃和-6℃的处理造成了冬小麦叶绿素含量和气孔导度的大幅下降,可溶性糖含量大幅升高,差异均达显著(p<0.01),灌水处理并没有带来明显的改善;而最低温度为-3℃时,叶绿素和可溶性糖含量总体上无明显差别,气孔导度则有一定程度的降低,差异显著(p<0.05),冬灌导致其叶片叶绿素和可溶性糖含量分别有不同程度的升高和降低,具有明显的正效应。最低温度为0℃的处理,冬灌对冬小麦叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量及气孔导度等影响均有明显的正效应。从产量及其构成要素上看,-6℃与-9℃条件下,冬灌致使单株小穗数、穗粒数和穗粒重下降;-3℃和0℃条件下,冬灌提高了单株穗粒数和穗粒重。综上所述,最低温度在-6℃及以下不适合进行冬灌,而最低温度在-3℃及以上则适合。 Pot experiments in two wintering periods during 2011--2013 were conducted by using high-low temperature controller box to investigate the effects of winter irrigation on wheat leaf physico- chemical properties,yield composition and yield under different low temperature treatments （ -9 ℃, - 6 ℃ , - 3 ℃ and 0 ℃ ）. The result showed that compared to 0 ℃ , leaf chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance of -9 ℃ and -6 ℃ decreased significantly, while soluble sugar increased significantly （p 〈0.01 ）. Irrigation could not eliminate the negative effects on winter wheat. Chlorophyll and soluble sugar content of -3 ℃ changed little,while stomatal conductance decreased in some degree,and the dif- ferent was significantly （p 〈 0.05）. Irrigation led to different degrees of chlorophyll increasing and soluble sugar decreasing, had obviously positive effects on winter wheat. Irrigation had obvious positive effects on leaf chlorophyll,soluble sugar content and stomatal conductance under 0 ℃. Winter irrigated treatment under -6 ℃ and -9 ℃ led to decreasing of spikelet number per plant, kernel number per plant and kernel weight,while under - 3 ℃ and 0 ℃ , kernel number per plant and kernel weight increased. In con- clusion,when the minimum temperature is -3 ℃ and above, winter irrigation is advantageous, while -6 ℃ and below,irrigation is not advantageous.

关 键 词： 冬灌 叶绿素 可溶性糖 气孔导度