作　　者： (李文红）; (王建斌）;

出　　处： 《和平与发展》 2015年第5期70-83,共14页

摘　　要： 今年是世界反法西斯胜利和第二次世界大战结束70周年,德国作为二战的发起国和战败国,与许多国家一样开展各种纪念活动。在各地举行的不同形式的纪念活动中,德国政府和各界政治领导人纷纷发表讲话,反省历史。总理默克尔表示:德国不能简单地和过去的纳粹历史"划清界限",更不应忘却历史,不应保持历史"已经过去了,没必要再提"的态度,重申德国人有责任稳重地、敏感地、熟练地解决德国人在纳粹时代所犯下的罪行问题。战后以来,德国对二战不断深刻和彻底的反思,赢得了国际社会的认可和尊重。但对于德国人来说,这种集体认同的反思,并非是一帆风顺和一蹴而就的,而是痛苦和深刻的。作为两次世界大战的发动者和失败者,德国战后精神层面的反省和社会文化层面的转型着实令人称赞。 As this year witnesses the 70th anniversary of the world victory over the German Fascists and the end of the World War II, Germany as the initiator and loser of the war also carried on commemorative activities in various forms just like many other countries of the world. In these activities, German government officials and politicians made speeches reflecting on the history. German Chancellor Merkel expressed that Germany should not simply 'cut itself off' from the Nazi history and forget the history, while keeping away from the attitude that 'since the history is past, there is no need to mention it again.' She also reiterated that the Germans have the responsibility to handle prudently, sensitively and adroitly the crimes committed by the Germans during the Nazi era. On May 3, when Germany celebrated the 70th anniversary of the liberation of the Dachau Concentration Camp, Merkel took part in the activity together with survivors of the Holocaust. Since the end of the war, Germany has continued making profound and thorough reflection on the Second World War, which has won the recognition and respect from the international community. But for the Germans, this collectively identified reflection is of no easy out-coming, but a painful and profound process. As the initiator and loser of the two world wars, German's post-war spiritual reflection and social-cultural transformation are worthy of commending.

关 键 词： 德国 二战 反思 原因