导　　师： 朱端卫

学科专业： 090302

授予学位： 博士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 华中农业大学

摘　　要： 菊花是菊花/(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat./)的头状花序,在我国中医药宝库及中医治疗史上占有重要地位。目前,随着中药材GAP的发展和人们对传统药材与健康关系的认识,菊花传统的栽培方式在逐渐地改进和提高,使其种植、生产更加趋向科学化。矿质营养元素是菊花栽培生长过程中不可或缺的因素,施用过多或者缺乏都会对菊花的生长不利,正确的施用不仅可提高菊花产量,同时还会改善其品质。本课题采用盆栽试验的方式,研究大量营养元素缺乏对菊花生长状态及次生代谢过程的影响,利用HPLC和FTIR的方法对菊花整个生育期、不同部位的次生代谢产物以及生长状态进行综合研究调查,结果为我国中药材GAP和探明药用植物次生代谢机制提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下： 1.不同生育期缺氮会明显降低菊花产量,且生殖期缺氮越严重则减产幅度越大；全生育期缺氮会提高菊花头状花序与叶片中的总黄酮以及可溶性总糖含量；缺氮在影响黄酮含量的同时会影响其溶解性,即可能影响黄酮的种类；各个处理菊花的中、微量营养元素含量与相对应的黄酮含量有重要关系,其中Ca与黄酮含量在三个处理中均呈显著性相关,但处理间存在较大差别。 2.HPLC图谱表明,全生育期缺氮会导致菊花叶片中的次生代谢物种类、含量出现变化,且这些变化与菊花的生育期有关；FTIR结果表明,不同生育期缺氮对菊花叶片和头状花序的图谱影响主要发生在1516和1325cm-1处,即药用菊花的第二特征区段/(黄酮类化合物特征区段/)。 3.全生育期缺氮对菊花的生长及侧枝上的头状花序发育有严重影响。全生育期缺氮可以提高菊花在生殖期功能叶片的蒸腾速率、气孔导度和细胞间CO2浓度,但同时却降低了光合速率；全生育期缺氮促进菊花新根的生成,但根的整体发育略低于对照；根部发 Juhua is the flower of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., a traditional Chinese herbal medicine plant and it occupies an important position in the Chinese medicine enterprises. Nowadays, the cultivation methods of C. morifolium are gradually changing and improving with the development of GAP and the people's awareness of the relationship between traditional medicine and health, therefore, the cultivation trends to much more scientific. Macroelements are integrant for the growth and metabolism of C. morifolium, its rational application can improve not only yield but also characteristic of the plant. This study is to research the effects of macroelements deficiency on the growth, primary and secondary metabolism, and investigate the secondary metabolites with HPLC and FTIR approaches in the different organs and diverse growth stages of C. morifolium. The purpose of this issue is to provide theoretical basis for the GAP and the secondary metabolism research. Main results are as follow. 1. N deficiency in different life stages could decrease the yield of C. morifolium, and more decrease of the N application, more reduce of the yield. N deficiency in whole life stage could increase the flavonoid and soluble sugar contents both in leaves and flowers. Moreover, N deficiency could affect the solubility of the flavonoid. The content of middle-microelements significantly related to the flavonoid, for instance, among them Ca related positively to the flavonoids in three different treatments. 2. N deficiency could influence the kinds and contents of secondary metabolites in HPLC figure print of leaves, and that related to the life stage of C. morifolium. And the results of FTIR show that the effect of N deficiency in different life stages was at the wavenumber of 1516 and 1325 cm-1, which was the characteristic area of flavonoids. 3. N deficiency in whole life stage affected the growth of plant, and the effect was also found in the development process of the lateral branch. N deficiency improved the transpiratio

关 键 词： 菊花 生育期 营养元素 产量 次生代谢 黄酮 绿原酸

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]