导　　师： 王越芬

学科专业： 030205

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 东北林业大学

摘　　要： 党的十六届五中全会提出了建设“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”的社会主义新农村的重大历史任务。本文根据我国农业生产特点和农民行为特征,将社会主义新农村视域下的农民素质分为文化科技素质、思想道德素质、民主法律素质和身体素质四方面。 新中国成立后,尤其是改革开放以来,我国农民的素质有了很大提高。但是,与社会主义新农村建设要求的“有文化、懂技术、会经营”还相差甚远。从整体上看,我国农民基础文化教育程度普遍不高,人均受教育年限不足8年,缺乏正规的、系统的农业技术教育和职业培训。传统的小农意识依然存在,理想信念淡化,愚昧的封建习俗有所抬头。许多农民的民主法律意识淡薄。一些农民缺乏卫生健康知识,饮食观念陈旧,医疗卫生条件和居住环境较差。 制约我国农民素质提升的因素主要有三个方面：一是封建意识仍然积淀在农民的思想和风俗习惯里,潜在制约着农民素质的提高。二是长期的二元经济社会结构把农民阻挡在工业化和现代化的进程之外,农民素质问题还没有真正得到全社会的关心、重视和支持。三是农民提高自身素质的积极性和主动性不足,缺乏忧患意识。 提升农民素质,培养新型农民是一项长期而复杂的系统工程。本文根据我国农民素质存在的问题以及制约农民素质提高的因素,结合我国社会主义新农村建设的历史机遇,从社会主义新农村建设的要求出发,提出了提升农民素质的具体对策：第一,加大投入力度,完善保障机制,构筑普通教育与职业技术教育相融合,初等、中等、高等教育相衔接的适合多元化产业结构发展的农村教育新体系,促进城乡教育公平。第二,用马克思主义中国化最新成果武装广大农民,开展社会主义荣辱观教育,加强社会主义核心价值体系建设,丰富农村业余文化生活,使广大农民树立良好的社会文明风尚。第三,加强农村民主法制建设,开展民主法制教育,促进农村民主法制化进程。第四,以“全国亿万农民健康促进行动”为契机,以改善农村居住环境和构建新型农村卫生服务体系为突破口,树立生态环保和可持续发展的观念,加强健康教育工作。 The Fifth Plenary Conference of Sixteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China brought forward the great important history task of constructing the new socialist countryside, which works at making Chinese rural area become a area with developed production, affluent life, civilized spirit, clean and tidy, and democratic management. In accordance with characteristic of agricultural production and feature of farmers'behavior, farmers' quality in the new socialist countryside includes the cultural and scientific quality, ideological and ethical standards, democracy and law awareness and the physical quality. After the foundation of the state, since the reforming and opening of China, farmers' quality has been improved a lot, however, which is still lag greatly behind knowledge, farming technique and management demanded in the new socialist countryside construction. In view of the overall situation, level of cultural education of Chinese farmers is not high. The average length of education enjoyed by farmers is less than 8 years. Farmers lack formal systematic agricultural techniques education and vocational training. Traditional awareness of small-scale farming still exists in rural areas. Ideal and faith of the farmer are shaken. Their ignorant feudal custom is gaining ground. Legal awareness of many farmers is flimsy. Many farmers are short of health care knowledge and their diet ideas are old-fashioned. Their medical and health care conditions and living environment are relatively poor. The reasons that put off the development of farmers' quality can be summarized as follows:Firstly, feudal ideology still exists in farmer's ideas and customs, which restricts potentially from improving the farmers' quality. Secondly, long dualistic structure in urban and rural areas bars farmers from process of industrialization and modernization, and farmers' quality does not still get concern and support of the whole society. Thirdly, many farmers lack the positivity and initiatives of improving their own comprehensive quality and disaster consciousness. Improving farmers' quality and cultivating high-quality new farmers is a long-term and complex system engineering. According to the current problems of Chinese farmers' quality and the reasons that put off the development of farmers' quality, in the face of historical opportunity and request of the new socialist countryside construction, this paper gave some advices on solving the problems:First, we should increase input for countryside education, perfect guarantee mechanism, and set up new educational system with integration of general education and vocational and technical education, and elementary, secondary and higher education through the application of diversified industrial structure to promote educational equity in urban and rural areas. Second, guided by the latest achievement of studying in sinicizing Marxist, we should conduct education on socialist concept of honor and disgrace, intensify development of the system of socialist core values, and provide enriched cultural life to cultivate fine social civilized conduct in the countryside. Third, we should improve the democratic and legal system in the rural area, reinforce the democratic and legal education to accelerate the process of democratization and legalization. Fourth, taking opportunity to the National Health Promotion Project for Hundreds of Million Chinese Farmers, starting with the living environment of rural residents and new rural medical service and health care system, we should establish environmental awareness and sustainable development, and enhance healthy education.

关 键 词： 农民素质 社会主义新农村 提升

分 类 号： [F320 F323.6]

领　　域： [经济管理] [经济管理]