导　　师： 丁柏群

学科专业： 082304

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 东北林业大学

摘　　要： 发展智能交通系统是从根本上解决城市交通问题的有效途径,车辆定位技术是智能交通的核心技术之一。目前已经发展了若干定位技术,如航位推算、信标定位、全球定位系统等。这些技术可实现车辆的动态定位,如全球定位系统,已经在一些车辆如警车、运钞车、出租车上使用。但城市车辆主要运行在车辆密度大、周围建筑物密集的路网中,采用这些传统的定位系统存在一些诸如系统复杂、基础设备投入大、建设周期长,运营费用高,定位稳定性不可靠、容易被高架构造物、高大建筑物遮蔽等弱点。 随着国家数字音频广播标准的出台,DAB作为一种全新的信息传输技术已开始走入人们生活。DAB信号内含定位所需基站识别码/(ID/)、起始发射时间,除此之外,其频谱利用率高、抗多径和衰落强、移动接收效果好、系统发射站无需像采用卫星定位那样进行频繁更新,使得利用DAB信号进行车辆动态定位成为可能。 论文提出利用势将普及建设的地面数字广播系统基础设施,建构一种基于数字广播信号的城市范围车辆动态定位系统,即通过接收若干个空间坐标已知的数字广播地面发射机的信号,确定车辆的空间三维位置。论文分析了目前存在的各种车辆定位技术的原理和系统结构,论证了使用DAB信号定位系统的可行性,根据现代定位技术的基本原理和方法,推导了基于DAB信号伪距测量的数学模型和定位模型,提出利用无线电定位技术中历元异步测距原理和DAB符号定时同步技术对车辆进行定位；根据车辆动态定位的技术要求,设计了DAB车辆定位系统体系结构和功能模块,开发了定位接收机中定位模块的定位流程并采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法进行定位解算。在此基础上,采用Matlab软件对系统进行了仿真,表明作者建构的DAB定位系统和定位方案可行,仿真误差在3米左右,能够达到车辆动态定位要求。论文分析了该系统可能产生误差的来源,并提出了一些解决思路。这种新型车辆定位系统具有市区定位概率高、成本低、容易实现等特点,既增加了一种车辆定位方式的选择,又弥补了其它定位方式的不足。 The best means to resolve traffic problems is developing intelligent traffic system /(ITS/), vehicle location technology is a crucial technology in ITS. Now it has developed a number of technologies to estimate the location of vehicle, such as signpost, dead reckoning, global positioning system /(GPS/) and so on. Because of the high density buildings and vehicles in the city, there is much disadvantage, for instance, long-term construction, high working cost, large investment of infrastructure and positioning equipment, fallibility of positioning accuracy and stability. DAB as a new information transfer technology began to enter people's lives along with the promulgation of digital audio broadcasting standard. It has the advantages of high frequency utilizing rate, robust anti-multipath interference, reliable delivery to portable and mobile receivers; the base stations do not need as frequent updates as satellite positioning. Therefore, the positioning of vehicles by using DAB signals is feasible. On the base of terrestrial digital broadcasting infrastructure, this thesis was constructed a new dynamic positioning system which bases on DAB in urban areas. The 3-dimensional spatial coordinate of vehicle can be determined by receiving a number of known terrestrial digital broadcasting transmitter signal. This paper analyzed the techniques concerning current vehicle location and the necessity and feasibility of the positioning system using DAB signals. The article derived Pseudo-range measurement mathematical model and location model, a vehicles positioning method based on epoch achieve asynchronous sequential location principle and DAB symbol timing synchronization technique was presented. According to the requirements of vehicle dynamic positioning technology, this article designed the DAB vehicle positioning system structure and functional module. The paper detailed the positioning module of software localization process, and extended Kalman filter algorithm is used to position resolution. On this basis, using Matlab software system to measure the pseudo-range is simulated, the authors construct that DAB positioning system and positioning scheme is feasible, Simulation error is about 3 meters, vehicle location and requirements can be achieved. This paper analyzed the system may produce error sources, and put forward some solutions. The new vehicle positioning system has a high probability in urban areas, low cost, easy to implement and so on, not only to add a vehicle positioning method of choice, but also can effectively compensate for the shortcomings of other location methods.

关 键 词： 车辆动态定位 伪距测量 卡尔曼滤波

分 类 号： [P228.4]

领　　域： [天文地球] [天文地球]