导　　师： 郭守前

学科专业： 020201

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 华南理工大学

摘　　要： 随着工业化与城市化的加速推进以及产业结构的调整、升级,土地作为一国经济发展所需重要的投入要素,正迅速地从第一产业向第二、三产业次第转移,这是经济、社会发展过程中一条客观的经济规律。 我国土地实行社会主义公有制,即城市土地归国家所有,城市郊区及农村土地归农村集体所有、使用权由集体发包给农户家庭经营使用。这一城乡土地产权二元结构,在市场经济转型时期,内生出土地市场的二元性——城市/(国有/)土地市场与农村土地市场。 为了实现土地要素从第一产业向第二、三产业的流动,国家通过强制性征地这一非市场化制度安排,将集体土地单向度、不可逆地转化为国有土地,并在国有土地市场上有偿出让使用权,在完全垄断了土地一级市场的情况下实现了城乡两大土地市场的沟通。由于国家对集体土地产权的法律歧视及对主体的行为约束,导致出现了德姆塞茨意义上的产权“残缺”和政府制造的“公共领域”——区别于巴泽尔意义上的“公共领域”。 本文从国家谋求其租金最大化以及降低交易费用,实现社会产出最大化的新制度经济学经典假设出发,假设征地制度是一种节约交易费用的非市场化制度安排,并将非公益性征地视为一种价格或租金管制行为。通过论证分析表明:在分税制的财政制度框架下,地方政府为了弥补财政收支缺口,“征地——批租”成为获得体制外收入——土地财政收入——的重要手段。征地阶段严重侵害了农民及集体的合法权益,批租阶段不仅将农民及集体排除在了分享土地转用增值收益之外,而且也使得地方政府所攫取的制度租值出现了不同程度的耗散,这是一种典型的双重损失。最后得出简要结论:应允许集体土地直接入市,构建城乡统一的建设用地市场,以缩小各级地方政府及相关利益集团设租、寻租空间,切断产权租金向制度租金的转化渠道,扩大农民的产权租金份额。 As an important input factor in economic development of country,land is rapidly transferring from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary one with the acceleration and propulsion of industrialization and urbanization,as well as adjustment and promotion of industrial structure. This is an objective economic rule in the development of economy and society. In our country,land is implemented socialist public ownership. That means urban land belongs to the State and suburban and rural land is owned by village collectives. Land right of use is contracted out for household to operate by collective group. During the ongoing market economy transformation period,this dual structure of land property right in urban and rural produces duality in the land market,which are urban /(state-owned/) land market and rural land market. In order to achieve land elements’circulation from the first industry to the secondary and tertiary ones,the State converts collective land one-dimensionally and irreversibly into the State-owned land. Under the situation of complete monopoly of primary land market,the leased land is paid for compensating use right in the Stated-owned land market,which fulfills the connection of urban and rural land markets. Because the State discriminates against the law of collective land property and restricts on the act of principal parts,it results in the appearance of property‘defects’in the meaning of Demsetz’s and‘public domain’produced by government. The latter domain effect is differentiated to the meaning of Barzel’s. The thesis analyses from the classical assumption of neo-institutional economics that the State seeks for rent maximization and reducing transaction cost to achieve social output maximization. Land expropriation system which isn’t a market-oriented institutional arrangement can economizes transaction cost. And non-public welfare expropriation is to be regarded as a kind of control actions on price or rent. Through evaluation and analysis,it indicates that under the system of tax distribution in the framework of public finance system, land expropriation and lease system has become an important resource of acquiring outside institutional income,which is land revenue. At the land expropriation period,famers and village collective’s legal rights are seriously infringed. During the lease period,not only peasants and rural collective are excluded out of sharing benefit of land transition and increment,but also institutional rent value grabbed by local governments appears different extent of dissipation,which is a typical dual loss. Conclusion: collective land should be allowed to enter market and the State should establish a unified urban and rural construction land market in order to reduce rent setting and seeking space of all levels of governments and correlated interest groups,cut off conversion channel from property right rent to institutional rent and enlarge property right rent’s share of farmers.

关 键 词： 征地制度 产权租金 制度租金 租值消散

分 类 号： [F301]

领　　域： [经济管理]