导　　师： 彭新育

学科专业： 020201

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 华南理工大学

摘　　要： 经济学是研究人类行为及如何将有限的资源进行合理配置的科学,市场是进行这种资源配置的基础。市场通常有买方、卖方以及交易的对象。对于不同的市场机制,双方参与者的结合情况是不同的。那么如何进行结合才是稳定和有效率的呢?基于对这个问题的研究,产生了双边匹配理论。 双边匹配理论是博弈论的一个分支,最开始是在1962年Gale和Shapley提出。他们在论文中设计了递延接受算法,并由此得出结论:在婚姻模型中存在着非空的稳定匹配。同时他们利用大学招生模型,证明了每个申请者都能通过递延接受算法达到最优的稳定匹配。这篇文章是双边匹配理论的开山之作。至此后双边匹配理论取得了长足的发展。其按照匹配的对象可以分为:一对一匹配、一对多匹配和多对多匹配。双边匹配理论很好的描述了市场中双向选择的情形,解释了一个市场能稳定存在的根源,并为我们对各种市场进行设计建立合理的市场机制提供了可行的选择。在国外,其已经被成功应用到了诸如:高等教育市场、毕业生劳动力市场、择校问题市场、肾脏交易等市场中去并取得了成功。 我国大学应届毕业生劳动力市场是一个重要的市场,每年有大约六百万新增劳动力进入市场。伴随着1999年的大学扩招,中国高校毕业生人数不断创下新高,劳动力市场上大学毕业生就业率逐年走低。许多高校毕业生花费大量时间和精力在求职上。市场上一方面是大学毕业生的工作越来越难找,另一方面却是毁约率越来越高,这些均给大学毕业生和用人单位造成了效率上的严重损失。利用双边匹配理论对其进行研究将有极大的实际价值。 本文首先对双边匹配理论的发展进行综述,对匹配理论在国外劳动力市场的应用进行了研究;其后,介绍了我国大学应届毕业生劳动力市场的特点,结合这些特点利用双边配对理论对国内劳动力市场进行了研究,建立了随机非中心化单次录取机制模型,证明了市场的不稳定性以及相关结论,解释了市场上的现象。最后本文提出了一个更优的偏好排序非中心化单次录取机制,对市场原有的算法做了改进,探讨了放开假设条件后的情况并对市场的完善提出建议。 Economics is a subject that studying human behavior and limited resource’s allocation. Market is the base of the resource allocation. There are usually buyers, sellers and transaction objects in the market. The two-sided participants’s combination will be different when the market mechanism changed. What’s kind of market mechanism is stable and efficient? Based on the study of this question, we initiate the research of the Two-sided matching theory. Two-sided matching theory is a branch of game theory. Gale and Shapley began the earliest study of it in 1962. They designed the deferred acceptance algorithm and got the conclusion that there existed non-empty stable matching in the marriage model. By using the college admission model, they also proved that every applicant could achieve optimal stabe match through the 'deferred acceptance algorithm'. This article is the pioneer of the two-sided matching theory’s study. Then the two-sided matching theory had great development. According to amount of the objects of the matching, the matching theory could be divided into: one to one matching, one to many matching and many to many matching. The two-sided matching theory describes the matching situation of the market, explains the foundation of the stability of the market and provides us a right choice to design a rational matching mechanism. It has already been successfully applied to the makrets such as: higher education market, graduates labor market, school choice market and kidney trading market abroad. China’s this year's college graduates labor market is an important market. Each year about six million new graduates will enter the market. With 1999’s extending of the college enrollment, the number of graduates in China becomes larger and larger, while the employment rate continues to descend. Many college graduates spend plenty of time and energy to find a job. On one hand, it is difficult for college graduates to be employed, on the other hand the breach of contract rates are raising. All of these give much trouble to both of the graduates and the corporations. So it will be of great practical value to study this market using the two-sided matching theory. This article firstly reviews the development of the two-sided matching theory and study the application of two-sided matching theory in the overseas labor market. Then introduce the characteristic of this year's college graduates labor market in China, build the random non-centrailzed one-off recruitment algorithm, prove the instability of the market and the related conclusion and then explain the phenomenon of the market by using the two-sided matching theory. Finally, this article introduces a better algorithm called preference sequence non-centrailzed one-off recruitment algorithm, improves the matching mechanism, discusses the results when loosening the hypothesis and gives several suggestions of the improvement of the market.

关 键 词： 双边匹配理论 市场设计 劳动力市场

分 类 号： [F224.32 F249.2]

领　　域： [经济管理] [经济管理] [经济管理]