导　　师： 喻磊

学科专业： 030105

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 华南理工大学

摘　　要： 新《公司法》的重要修改之一就是强化公司章程的自治功能,全方位地赋予公司更大的自治空间,凸现了其作为“公司宪章”的功能。2005年公司法修改之前,我国社会的章程意识淡漠,章程的法律作用远未得到发挥,在新《公司法》修改之后,有必要对公司章程进行理论上的探讨。尤其是对于公司章程的效力问题应当展开系统研究,从理论上树立起正确的章程效力观念,进而在实践中进一步完善我国公司章程效力制度。 本文除引言与结语外,共分为六章,主要探讨了公司章程效力的学理分析,章程的时间效力、对内效力和对外效力,公司章程的效力瑕疵及其法律救济,我国《公司法》对于章程效力的相关规定及制度缺陷,并为如何进一步完善公司章程的法律效力问题提出了自己的一些建议。 本文作者认为,根据我国《公司法》的规定,公司章程具有契约与自治规范的双重属性,这应该成为讨论章程效力的逻辑起点。公司章程法律效力来源于股东间的意思一致与国家法律的肯定和认可,两者缺一不可,效力内容表现于对内与对外/(涉他/)两方面,且以前者为主导。章程对股东的效力产生于章程制定时,对公司及外部第三人的效力产生于公司正式成立时。与1993年的公司法相比,修改后的公司法在公司章程的效力问题上有了更加细致的规定,特别是在章程的对内效力上规定比较完整,为违反章程者设置了相应的法律责任,增加了任意性规范的数量,从而使章程效力得到强化等,均为《公司法》的成功之处。但其仍存在诸如对外效力的规范不完整,未能明确章程条款与公司法强制性规范的关系以及未建立章程效力瑕疵及救济制度等缺陷,需要进一步完善。笔者提出,要进一步扩大公司章程发挥法律效力的空间,引导股东制定符合公司自身情况的章程;明确超越章程中规定的经营范围所签订的合同原则上应为有效,章程中对法定代表人权限之限制原则上不能对抗第三人,违反章程对外提供担保的行为原则上无效,确立章程无效的原因及程序等立法完善建议,以期能对我国《公司法》在适用过程中提供有益的帮助。 One of the important amendments of company law in 2005 is enlarging the scope of autonomy for shareholders. The object of this thesis is to expound and prove the nature and the effectiveness of the corporation article on the basis of this amendment. And the writer expects this thesis can play a role in the application and perfection of our country’s corporation law. This thesis consists of six chapters. Except the introduction and the conclusion, this thesis mainly discusses the concept, the character, the function, the nature and the effectiveness of the corporation article. In addition, the writer discuses the defects of corporation law and how to perfect the effectiveness of the corporation article in the corporation law. The writer holds the idea that the corporation article possesses the nature of contract and autonomy regulations. This should become the logic statement of discussing the effectiveness of the corporation article. The effectiveness of the corporation article comes from the agreement of the shareholders and the approvement of the law, both of them can not be neglected. The interior effect is the predominant one; however, the external effect should also be paid attention to. The interior effect of article comes into existence when the articles are maked and the external effect comes into existence when the corporation is built up. Compared with the corporation law made in 1993, the corporation law at present has detailed stipulations about the effectiveness of the corporation article, especially in the interior effect. And it sets up relevant liabilities for them who violates the corporation article and increase the autonomy regulations. They are all successes of corporation law made in 2005. But there are still some defects, for example, the external effect is not complete and it doesn’t clear and definite the relationship between the article and the regulations in corporation law. The writer thinks that when discussing its effects to the third persons, it points out the effect varies from time to time and we can not make a united conclusion about it. However, the basic method is to balance the corporations’interests and the third persons’interests. Finally, the writer makes a summation about the legal liability taken by the ones who violates the articles. To delicate the liability is necessary and the clause which deprives the shareholders of inherent rights is avoidable. The reason and the procedures for how to regulate and remedy the invalid is also important. The writer hopes that these advices can play an important role in the application of corporation law.

关 键 词： 公司章程 效力 瑕疵 完善

分 类 号： [D922.291.91]

领　　域： [政治法律] [政治法律]