导　　师： 王建平

学科专业： 080202

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中国科学技术大学

摘　　要： 大天区面积多目标光纤光谱天文望远镜是一台卧式中星仪式主动改正板反射施密特望远镜,LAMOST/(Large Sky Area Multi-object Optical Spectroscopic Telescope/)作为国家大科学工程项目成功的解决了大口径兼大视场望远镜的设计难题。LAMOST系统在观测过程中起到能够精确跟踪星像这个重要作用的焦面是由焦面板安装的光纤定位单元上的光纤构成,所以对LAMOST系统中光纤定位单元的位置精度检测特别重要。综合考虑各种因素最终采用非接触的视觉测量方式来检测,即采用机器视觉的方式。机器视觉就是代替人眼来完成观测和判断,可以大大提高检测的精度和速度来满足实际的需要。采用对面阵CCD摄像机进行标定后来检测光纤的位置的视觉检测方法,如果在通过CCD摄像机进行图像采集的过程当中出现CCD摄像机的光轴与CCD芯片所在的平面不严格垂直的情况时会影响图像的几何位置精度,这种情况下在采集得到的图像上会由于产生了透视误差的原因而导致测量的不准确性。另外如果在通过CCD摄像机进行图像采集的过程当中出现CCD摄像机的光轴与需要测量的物体所在的平面不严格垂直的情况时也会产生透视误差。通过对视觉检测系统检测过程以及实验图像数据的分析,提出了关于透视误差问题进行分析研究。研究的内容主要有: 对机器视觉相关内容作了介绍,建立了内、外参数标定模型对摄像机进行标定和多项式参数标标定模型对摄像机进行标定,得到两种模型的畸变误差。根据实际的CCD摄像机和焦面板的相对位置,通过空间透视变换理论建立整个焦面板光纤定位单元圆心的透视变换数学模型,计算出理论透视误差得到变化规律,分析实际视觉检测得到数据中的变化规律。通过三维基本变换、视向变换建立焦面板光纤定位单元圆心的倾斜角度误差数学模型,分析由于CCD摄像机发生倾斜偏转引起的角度误差的变化规律,以此分析实际视觉检测得到两组对比数据中的变化规律。 The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope is a quasi-meridian reflecting Schmidt telescope laid down on the ground with its optical axis fixed in the meridian plane. As one of the national major scientific projects LAMOST has large diameter and large field of view. The focal plane that plays an important role in the accurate tracking of astrology was composed of optical fiber which belongs to optical fiber positioning unit. Therefore, the position accuracy of optical fiber positioning unit in measurement is particularly important. Consider the various factors, visual inspection non-contact measured is chosen, machine vision will help person to complete the observations and judgments, could greatly improve detection accuracy and speed. After CCD camera calibration capture images to detect position of the optical. In the process of capture images through CCD camera, It is possible that microchip plane of camera CCD is not strictly perpendicular to optic axis and object plane is not strictly perpendicular to optic axis. Both of them will bring Perspective Projection error. In visual inspection system through analysis of the process of detection and image data, Research the perspective error is chosen. Main of the research content as following: First introduce the content of machine vision, established internal and external calibration modeling of the camera, also established Standard polynomial calibration modeling of the camera, get the distortion error of two models. According to the CCD camera and the focal plane relative position, established the perspective transformation modeling of the entire focal plane fiber positioning unit through the theory of perspective transformation in space. Calculated the errors of the perspective transformation are obtained the law of variation. Analysis the data of the visual inspection experiment obtained the law of actual variation. According to the CCD camera and the focal plane relative tilt position, established the tilt transformation modeling of the entire focal plane fiber positioning unit through the theory of Three-dimensional transformation and view transformation. Calculated the errors of the tilt transformation are obtained the law of variation. Analysis the data of the visual inspection experiment obtained the law of actual variation.

关 键 词： 透视投影变换 仿真建模 视觉检测

分 类 号： [TP391.41]

领　　域： [自动化与计算机技术] [自动化与计算机技术]