导　　师： 夏金兰

学科专业： 071005

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中南大学

摘　　要： 传统化石能源储量的日益减少,燃烧污染物质的大量排放以及成本的不断增加,使得开发生物质能源变得更为重要。生物柴油是清洁的可再生能源,是优质的石化柴油代用品。大力发展生物柴油对经济可持续发展,推进能源替代,减轻环境压力,控制城市大气污染具有重要的战略意义。微藻因其生长迅速,油脂含量高,被认为是制备生物柴油的理想原料。另外,同陆生油料植物相比,微藻培养还具有不与农业争耕地和淡水、不影响食物安全保障和破坏生境的优势。然而,由于生产成本较高,微藻生物柴油至今尚未实现商业化生产。 大量研究表明,微藻油脂含量和干物质产量受环境条件的调控。为优化培养条件,提高微藻的生长速率和油脂产量,并探索与脂质积累相关基因的代谢调控途径,本文研究了镁、铜、钙和铁四种金属离子对小球藻及铁离子对三角褐指藻、小球藻和球等鞭金藻三种微藻生长和脂质积累的影响,并进一步研究了不同浓度铁培养条件下与脂质积累相关的三个基因的表达差异,最后做了微藻脂质转化为生物柴油的初步研究。具体内容包括以下三个部分： /(1/)比较研究了铁离子、镁、铜、钙对本组自筛小球藻/(Chlorella sorokiniana CS-01/)生长和脂质累积的影响。结果表明这四种金属离子对小球藻生长和脂质积累均有一定促进作用,其中,铁离子的影响最为显著。 /(2/)比较研究了铁离子对三角褐指藻、小球藻CS-01和等鞭金藻生长和脂质积累的影响,发现铁对这三株微藻的生长和脂质积累均有促进作用,其中对小球藻的影响最为显著。 /(3/)用实时定量PCR方法研究了与微藻脂质积累相关的三个基因accD、rbcL和acc1在不同浓度铁离子培养条件下的表达差异,结果表明,accD基因与脂质积累呈正相关关系,acc1参与合成一些功能性化合物,与脂质积累无 The exhaustion of conventional fossil fuels, increasing of combustion-generated pollutants, and the raise in the price cause the development of new energy sources more and more important. The biodiesel is the clean renewable energy and the high quality substitute for traditional diesel. The biodiesel is the emblematical 'the green energy', so strengthen the development of biodiesel will be propitious to the sustainable development of economy, the advancement of energy substitution, the reducing of the environment pressure, the control of the city air pollution. Microalgae are one of the most promising feedstoek owing to their higher oil yields and fast growth. Moreover, microalgae can grow in places away from the farmlands and free from fresh water, thus minimizing the damages caused to the eco-and food-chain systems. However, the produetion of algae for biodiesel has not yet been undertaken on a commereial scale, and one of the key factors is the produetion of organisms. Lipids content and the dry matter yield of microalgae could be modified by environmental conditions. To optimize the cultural conditions for inereasing lipids produetivity in some microalgae, and to explore some metabolic controlled factors relevant to lipids accumulation, the effect of iron Mg2+、Cu2+、Ca2+、Fe3+ in C. sorokiniana CS-01 and the effect of Fe3+ in Phaeodactylum tricornutum、C. sorokiniana CS-01、Isocrydid galbana on growth and lipids accumulation was investigated. In the last part of the work, pilot study of a conceptual process for producing biodiesel from microalgal oil was made. The primary subjects of the work include three parts as follows: /(1/) The effect of iron Fe3+、Mg2+、Cu2+、Ca2+ on growth and lipids accumulation in C. sorokiniana CS-01 respectively by haemacytometer and OD680 was investigated. The results showed that all the four irons had positive influence to growth and lipids accumulation, and the infection of Fe3+ was being prominent. /(2/) The effect of iron Fe3+ on growth and lipids a

关 键 词： 微藻 生长 脂质积累 尼罗红荧光染色法 实时定量

领　　域： [生物学]