导　　师： 储满生

学科专业： 080602

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 东北大学

摘　　要： 在整个钢铁生产系统中,炼铁工序是最耗能的,而且产生的CO/_2多,环境负荷最大。高炉是联合钢铁企业的核心,提高高炉效率对钢铁产业乃至整个社会都具有重要意义。因此,必须在强化高炉冶炼的同时,进一步降低高炉能量消耗,有效减轻环境负荷。本研究根据最新的能量利用评价方法—Exergy分析法,分析高炉的节能潜力,评价高炉的能量利用状况。 本研究建立的Exergy分析模型基本框架包括温度Exergy模型、固溶体Exergy模型、热风Exergy模型、煤气Exergy模型、铁水Exergy模型、入炉含铁炉料Exergy模型以及全局Exergy分析模型。 在Exergy理论和炼铁计算原理的基础上,本研究给出了炼铁系统内各种物流和能流的Exergy值计算方法,根据建立的Exergy分析模型基本框架,完成了高炉炼铁过程的Exergy分析计算机模拟过程,制作出一款专用于炼铁过程Exergy分析的软件,该软件基本达到了Exergy分析精确计算的最初目标。 研究揭示了高炉内部和外部的不可逆损失是造成能量耗散的根本原因,所以应从能量耗散的角度采取有效措施避免Exergy损失,可供选择的措施有:提高鼓风温度和入炉熟料温度,以降低内部温度差引起的传热Exergy损失;确定合理成分的原料条件,以降低化学反应Exergy损失等。 计算结果表明,虽然高炉的热力学完善度较高,但是Exergy效率并不高,实现炉渣Exergy高效利用成为提高Exergy效率的主要方向。高炉循环水的Exergy值也很高,但能质系数低,利用价值不高。高炉今后的节能工作应从减少表面损失和降低耗散损失两个方向并重研究。前者主要是炉渣Exergy的有效利用,后者主要是结合Exergy分析和冶金性能的测试,优化炼铁过程,提高Exergy效率。 从高炉过程全局Exergy分析来看,提高热风Exergy和加大喷煤量是实现“节焦”,提高高炉Exergy效率的有效措施,其中加 The energy consumption of iron-making sector is the highest and environmental load is the biggest in the entire system of steel production. Blast furnace is the core of joint iron and steel enterprise, and the improvement of blast furnace efficiency owes great significance to iron and steel industry and even the whole society. Thus, it is necessary to further reduce energy consumption and effectively alleviate environmental load of blast furnace while strengthening the operation of blast furnace. In this study, according to the latest evaluation method of energy utilization -exergy analysis, the potential energy conservation of blast furnace was analyzed, and the energy utilization of blast furnace was evaluated. The basic framework of exergy analysis model is established in this study, including the temperature exergy model, the solid solution exergy model, the hot air exergy model, the gas exergy model, the hot metal exergy model, the Fe-bearing materials exergy model and the overall situation exergy analysis model. Based on the exergy and metallurgy calculation theory, exergy of Logistics and energy flow is calculated in the iron-making system. Acording to the framework of exergy analysis model, computer simulation of exergy analysis of the iron-making system is completed. Software especially for exergy calculation of the blast furnace is developed. The software basically reached the accurate calculation of exergy analysis of the initial objectives. Research revealed that the internal and external irreversible losses of blast furnace are the root causes of energy destruction, so the point of view of energy destruction should take effective measures to prevent losses of exergy. Available measures can be referenced as follows: Improving the blast and mature burden temperature to reduce heat transfer exergy loss which is caused by internal temperature difference, and determining appropriate composition of the raw materials to reduce the chemical reaction exergy loss. The calculation resul

关 键 词： 效率 损失 高炉 数学模型

领　　域： [冶金工程]