导　　师： 杨光圣

学科专业： 090102

授予学位： 博士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 华中农业大学

摘　　要： 油菜是我国重要的油料作物,经济地位十分重要。继杂交水稻之后,我国在杂交油菜的研究和利用方面取得了举世瞩目的进展,据Zhou and Fu/(2007/)/(12th IRC/)统计,2000-2005年,我国共审定油菜品种217个,其中常规品种47个,杂交品种170个。到2005年,杂交油菜的推广面积占油菜总面积的71.23/%,达560万公顷。因此生产高质量杂交油菜种子显得十分重要,但是杂交油菜制种中种子的胎萌现象时有发生,这不但严重影响了杂交种子的质量,而且也影响了制种的产量。目前对油菜种子胎萌的研究大多集中在种子胎萌发生的生理、特性和胎萌对种子质量的影响,而未对甘蓝型油菜的种子胎萌进行深层的剖析。本研究从多个油菜自交系中选出具有一定休眠性的和种子胎萌严重的材料,对油菜种子的休眠进行了初步探索,并构建了多个分离群体对胎萌进行了遗传分析和QTL定位。主要结果如下: 1.对27份甘蓝型油菜田间胎萌率进行了调查,发现品系间胎萌率存在很大的差异,从中筛选出胎萌较严重的材料7601、7605、7615和7622,具有胎萌抗性的材料2411和117AB。各品系胎萌在不同的年份和不同的地点表现出差异。在室内沙埋种子发芽试验中,各材料的胎萌与田间条件下并不完全一致。 2.对两个甘蓝型油菜材料7605、117AB及其F/_1代种子胎萌发生时期进行了观察,材料7605在开花后第22天便已经开始出现胎萌,F/_1代胎萌发生在开花后的第31天,117AB胎萌发生在开花后第34天。117AB与F/_1代种子胎萌率与开花天数呈显著正相关,7605的胎萌率与开花天数呈极显著正相关。 3.对四个胎萌有一定抗性的材料2409、2410、2411和117AB进行了种子休眠性检测,发现2409、2410、2411在发芽试验的第2天发芽率均超过80/%,没有表现出明显的休眠;但117AB在发芽试验的第7天时发芽率仅为34.7/%,表现出明显的休眠。 4.对� The rapeseed is one of the most important oilcrops with high economic status in China. Great progress has been made in the research and application of heterosis in rapeseed after the successful application of heterosis in rice. In 2000-2005, 217 rapeseed cultivars had been approved in China, consisting of 47 open-pollinated cultivars and 170 hybrid cultivars /(Zhou and Fu., 2007; 12th IRC/). To 2005, the hybrid cultivars promotion area accounted for 71.23/% of the total rapeseed planting area, amounting to 5,600,000 hectares. However, seed vivipary sometimes is a problem in rapeseed, especially in production of commercial F/_1 hybrid. It not only affected the quality of seed, but also affected the yield. At present, the research on seed vivipary in rapeseed mostly focused on physiology, characteristics and influence on the seed quality, not on the deeply dissection. In this study, 4 vivipary-susceptible lines and 2 vivipary-tolerant lines were selected from many rapeseed inbred lines, and a preliminary study on dormancy in rapeseed has been done; and many populations have been created for genetic and QTL analysis. The main results were as following: 1. The viviparous percentage had been investigated in 27 rapeseed lines under field condition. There was a great difference on viviparous percentage in different rapeseed lines. Four vivipary-susceptive lines /(7601, 7605, 7615 and 7622/) and two vivipary-tolerant lines /(2411 and 117AB/) were selected out. The difference of viviparous percentage for two years and two locations indicated that environment factor plays an important role. The viviparous percentage under wet sand wasn't consist with the viviparous percentage under field condition. This showed that it is different in the shell combination degree and inhibitory substance. 2. The vivipary occurrence time of 7605, 117AB and F/_1 /(7605×117AB/) were observed and found that the vivipary of 7605, 117AB and F/_1 occurred at 22 days, 34 days and 31 days after flowering, respectively. The viviparous perc

关 键 词： 甘蓝型油菜 胎萌 数量性状遗传 连锁图谱 定位

领　　域： [农业科学]