导　　师： 郭元奇

学科专业： 040303

授予学位： 博士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 北京体育大学

摘　　要： 研究目的: 基于前人围绕跑步经济性/(RE/)研究的成果及理论,本研究选择中跑运动员的RE作为因变量,人体下肢的运动学、动力学和表面肌电等若干变量为自变量,探索跑步过程中若干自变量的表现特征以及自变量与因变量RE之间的关系。 实验设计: 首先根据7名中跑运动员的VO2max和800米成绩,确定三个不同的测试速度;其次,在12km//h,14km//h和16km//h三个不同的跑台速度下分别测试因变量RE,同时,测试下肢肌肉的表面肌电;最后,在相同速度的平地跑中获得下肢运动学及动力学指标。 研究方法: 挑选出7名水平在一级左右且VO2max和800米成绩都相似的运动员作为研究对象,研究方法采用实验研究,数据处理涉及数字滤波、归一化及三次样条插值函数、Pearson和Spearman秩相关分析、主成分分析等。 研究结论: /(1/)本研究采用自主研发的LED速度控制系统,能有效地控制运动员跑步的节奏,配合Photocells测速计,取得了很好的测试效果。 /(2/)该研究发现,运动员在12.0km//h速度下的耗氧量/(用RE12表示/)与800m最好运动成绩的相关性呈现高度显著性,选择该负荷的测试速度评价运动员的RE水平比较适合。 /(3/)该实验发现,随着跑步速度的增加,耗氧量也不断增加,但运动学综合因素并不能解释个体间RE的差异。 /(4/)该实验发现,跑步过程中前后方向的最大值、内外方向力的峰值波动范围、前后方向冲量和内外方向冲量越小,受试者的经济性会表现出较好的趋势,但这些指标并不能解释个体间RE的差异。 /(5/)该实验发现,肌肉在支撑阶段的“拉长-缩短”周期做功越少,受试者的经济性越好。 Objective:Based on previous research and theories related to running economy/(RE/),we chose RE as the dependent variable and the human lower extremity running biomechanics as the independent variables,such as the thigh angle,knee angle,and the ankle angle etc which can reflect the lower extremity performance.Based on the dependent variable RE,we have explored the performance characteristics of the independent variables and the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. Design:In this study,based on the VO2max,we deceded three different test speed.After that,we got the dependent variable RE at the three different speeds of 12km//h,14km//h and 16km//h respectively.Meanwile,we got the surface electromyogram/(sEMG/) of the lower extremity muscles.And then,and we got the lower extremity kinematics and the kinetics varibles on the overgroud running at the same controled speed. Methods:Based on the 800m results and the VO2max,We have chose 7 highly homogeneous runners/(age:21.43±0.53 years old;height:172.8±379cm; weight:63.66±3.82kg,and training period:4.57±0.98 years/) as the Subjects.We processed the data by using the digital filters,normalization and cubic spline interpolation function;The statistics in this study included the Pearson rank correlation analysis,Spearman correlation analysis and the principal component anlysis. Conclusion: /(1/)By using the self-developed speed control system,we have effectively control the athlete running rhythm with the Photocells.So we have achieved the receivable test effects. /(2/)It is proper to test the RE of the 800m players under the running speed of 14 km//h.But,we also found if the runner was considered as economical under one running speed,it was possible that he maybe uneconomical under another speed. /(3/)With the increase of the running speed,the VO2 rose accordingly and the lower extremity kinematics also showed its own trend.The PAC /(Principle analysis component/) indicated that the synthetic factors of the kinematics can not expain the RE. /(4/)Though we have not found the Principle component and the kinetics varibles influenced the RE,we indeed found that the rank corraltion coefficient was the highest/(r=0.64/).Furthur research should be done to verify the possibility of the independent variables,such as maximum anterior-posterior ground reaction force,the maximum medial-lateral ground reaction force,the anterior-posterior impulse,and the medial-lateral implse etc,which may influence the RE. /(5/) The rank corraltion coefficient between the RE12 and the Principle components F2 which was influenced by the gastrocnemius,rectus femoris, vastus lateralis,and tibialis anterior was highly significant/(r=-0.80, p=0.03/).This further indicated that it was possible for us to understand the RE through SSC.

关 键 词： 耗氧量 跑步经济性 生物力学 肌电图

分 类 号： [G822.2]

领　　域： [文化科学] [文化科学]