导　　师： 占美柏

学科专业： 030103

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 暨南大学

摘　　要： 生命权是指公民的人身生命不受侵害或免遭杀害的权利。近代意义上生命权的核心在于禁止个体非法剥夺他人的生命,国家承担积极的保障义务,并通过立法约束个体的行为。现代意义的生命权,其核心在于防范国家权力对公民人身生命的不当侵害,国家既应承担禁止个体侵害他人生命权的积极义务,又应承担自身不侵害公民生命权的消极义务。 以现代宪政为视角,死刑制度是国家权力的体现,并与公民的生命自由权相冲突。死刑制度与生命权的矛盾,实质是权力与权利的矛盾。死刑制度以剥夺人的生命为最终目标。作为公权力的行使者,国家选择死刑作为刑罚的方式不具备足够的正当合法性,并和公民的生命自由权直接冲突。死刑制度的存在意味着公民的生命自由权未得到有效保障,国家没有承担不侵害公民生命自由权的消极义务。 在全球实践中,生命权的宪法保障通常以生命权入宪为起点,以审查具体法律制度的合宪性为基本途径。我国素有群体主义的传统,公民个人的权利意识相对淡漠。近现代以来,随着公民权利意识的觉醒,保障公民的个人权利逐渐成为法治建设的目标,生命权的宪法保障则是一切其它权利保障的基础。在借鉴相关国家实践经验,结合中国实际情况和现有的本土资源的基础上,将生命权入宪作为起点,以建立司法化的违宪审查制度为核心,废除死刑制度,这是实现我国公民生命自由权有效保障的理想路径。 The right to life means the right that people are free from infringement or death arbitrarily.In modern times,the core of the right to life is to prohibit the illegal deprivation of individual lives, and the country shoulders the protective obligation actively through legislation to constraint individual acts.In the recent days,the core comes to protect people from the misconduct of governmental power.The State should bear both the positive and negative responsibility to protect people against the infringement of right to life. From the view point of modem constitution,the death penalty system is a manifestation of state power and conflicts with the right to freedom of people.In essence,the conflicts symbolize the contradiction between power and rights.The death penalty set deprivation of human life as the ultimate goal.As the operator of public power,countries has insufficient legitimacy to choose death penalty as a way of penalty and in this way people's right to freedom is deprived. The existence of the death penalty system means that the people's right to freedom is not effectively protected.That is to say the State doesn't take its negative obligation. In the global practice,the constitutional guarantee of the fight to life usually begins at stipulating the right in the constitution and examines the specific legal system as the basic means of constitutionality.China has long been known as the tradition of group,so the awareness of individual rights is relative weak.Since recent times,with the awakening of awareness to civil rights,the protection of individual rights of citizens gradually becomes the goal of the rule of law, and the constitution guarantees of the right to life is the of the basis of other rights.Learning from other countries and combining China's practice and the existing local resources,this paper points out that based on the strict stipulations in constitution,establishing judicial review of the Constitution,abolishing the death penalty,the right to freedom of citizens can be effectively protected.

关 键 词： 宪法保障 生命权 死刑制度

分 类 号： [D921]

领　　域： [政治法律] [政治法律]