导　　师： 严永和

学科专业： 030105

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 暨南大学

摘　　要： 随着基因技术的突飞猛进,21世纪被认为是生物技术的世纪,生物遗传资源则被誉为“绿色金矿”。然而,地球上的生物遗传资源的分布并不是均衡的,相对来说,发达国家,生物遗传资源贫乏,但生物技术发达;广大发展中国家,特别是沿赤道线的发展中国家,生物遗传资源丰富,但缺乏利用能力。于是,就产生了一个问题,缺乏资源的发达国家纷纷将目光投向发展中国家,企图免费享用“这块蛋糕”,而不愿进行任何补偿。 随着冲突的加剧,国际社会正努力解决这个问题,《生物多样性公约》于1992年出台,确立了生物遗传资源的国家主权和利益分享的原则。 本文共分四章。第一章讨论了生物遗传资源的含义和分类,并对生物遗传资源利益分享权的概念、性质和法律特征进行了界定。第二章从权利客体发展的角度、激励理论以及保护生物多样性角度三个方面探讨了生物遗传资源利益分享权法律保护的正当性。第三章以《生物多样性公约》为例介绍了国际社会对生物遗传资源保护的探索,重点介绍了生物遗传资源的国家主权,事先知情同意制度,以及共同商定条件制度。第四章对我国生物遗传资源的概况,以及流失现状和立法现状进行了介绍。鉴于我国对生物遗传资源立法保护的不足,第五章对我国遗传资源利益分享权制度进行了初步的构建,这也是本文的创新之处。该章分别从主体、客体、内容、以及权利的限制和保护方面对我国生物遗传资源利益分享权的构建进行了深入的分析和探讨。 With the rapid growth of genetic technology,the 21 century is deemed as the century,governed by genetic technology,and the biological resources is known as the 'Green Golden Mine'.But,unfortunately,the distribution of the resources is not equal.The developed countries,rich in technology but poor in biological resources, By contrast,the developing countries,especially those located around the equator, rich in resources but poor in technology.So,there comes a big problem.The developed countries turn to the developing ones for 'eating the cake freely'. With time goes on,the conflict is growing.Now,it is the question we must try to solve.Convention on Biological Diversity comes to the world,which set up the principle of sovereignty and the principle of benefit-sharing. This essay is divided into four chapters.Chapter 1 discusses about the definition and the classification of the bio-resources,as well analyzes the nature and legal features of the benefit-sharing right of bio-resources.From the perspectives of right development,the reward theory and the protection of bio-diversity,Chapter 2 demonstrates the righteousness of the benefit-sharing right of bio-resources.Chapter 3 describes the protection of the bio-resources in the international society,emphasis on the sovereignty,prior informed consent and mutually agreed terms.Chapter 4 summerizes the basic information about the bio-resources,and the alarming gereral situations of their running off from our country,and the weak legal protection on bio-resources.Chapter 5 constructively puts forward the benefit-sharing right of bio-resources and designs the benefit-sharing right systems of our country on bio-resources,Furthermore,on this foundation,it examines the main body,objects, content and the limit of the right,and is ended with discussing how to protect this right in our country.

关 键 词： 生物资源 遗传资源 利益分享权

领　　域： [政治法律] [政治法律] [政治法律] [政治法律] [政治法律] [政治法律]