导　　师： 周静

学科专业： 050102

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 暨南大学

摘　　要： 本文对“很+X”和“X+得很”格式进行了考察,分别从句法、语义、语用角度对“很+X”和“X+得很”格式进行了比较。 从结构类型上看,“很+X”格式的具体表现复杂多变,“X+得很”格式的表现形式比较单一;能进入“很+X”和“X+得很”格式的X有:形容词/(A/)、动词及动词短语/(VP/)和名词/(N/)等。 从句法功能上看,“很+X”在句中可充当谓语、定语、状语和补语,“X+得很”在句中只充当谓语;两种格式中,“很”的句法位置都紧贴中心语;“很+X”格式的可以前后延展,“X+得很”结构不具延展性;“很+X”格式和“X+得很”格式之间的关系是:只要“X+得很”格式成立,都可以变换成“很+X”格式,反之不一定成立。 从语义类型上看,“很+X”格式中的“很”既可以表示程度意义又可以表示非程度意义。“很”表示程度时,其程度意义受到了很大磨损;表非程度意义或不强调程度性时,“很”的作用是:使句子自足、取消句子的比较意味、协调音节韵律。“X+得很”格式中的“很”只能表示程度高。从语义指向上看,“很+X”和“很+X”中的“很”所表示的语义一般都指向中心语。“很+X”与副词“不”以及能愿动词组合时,其意义不直接指向X。 从语用价值上看,“很+X”体现了汉语的语法特点,即程度义的表达不是通过词语的内部曲折变化,而是通过添加程度副词形式实现。“X+得很”格式则体现了汉语通过改变语序来实现其语法意义的语法特点。“很”在使用中的高频率致使其所表示的程度量锐减,为了补偿程度磨损带来的程度量的减少,“很+X”需要其它方式来完成相应程度量的表达,这些方式我们称为“很”的程度磨损的补偿机制。其中,“X+得很”格式就是其中的一种方法。 This thesis makes a comparison between the structures 'hen+X' and 'X+de hen' from the perspective of syntax semantics and pragmatic. As to structure type,the expression of 'hen+X' is more complicated than that of 'X+de hen'.The 'X' that could fall into these two structures are: adjective/(A/),verb and verb phrase/(VP/),noun/(N/). Viewing the syntactic function,it could be seen that 'hen+ X' could serve as predicate,attribute,adverbial modifier and complement;but 'X+de hen' could only serve as predicate.In both the two structures,'hen' is next to the qualified word.The structure of 'hen+X' could be extended but the other one could not. To inspect from the perspective of semantics,the 'hen' of 'hen+X'could express the non-degree meaning as well as the degree meaning.When it indicates the degree,the degree meaning is weakened;and when it does not express the meaning of degree,the function of 'hen' is:to make the sentence complete,to cancel the meaning of comparing,and to coordinate the rhythm.The 'hen' of 'X+de hen' only expresses the meaning of high degree. As to the pragmatic value,'hen+X' embodies distinguishing feature of the grammar of Chinese,that is,the meaning of degree is expressed by adding adverbs instead of inflection.'X+de hen' embodies the feature of Chinese that change in word order could bring the change of grammatical meaning.

关 键 词： 格式 很 得很 补偿机制 程度磨损

分 类 号： [H146]

领　　域： [语言文字]