导　　师： 莫测辉

学科专业： 083002

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 暨南大学

摘　　要： 人类和畜禽大量使用的抗生素最终会进入环境,成为新型污染物和前沿研究课题。含有抗生素的畜禽废物作为有机肥用于农业生产,可能造成土壤,特别是农作物的抗生素污染,并产生与药物残留超标/(对于动物性食品/)以及农药残留超标/(对于蔬菜等农作物或植物性食品/)一样的人体健康风险。本论文对广州市超市和东莞市蔬菜基地蔬菜中喹诺酮类抗生素污染特征进行研究,并初步评价其健康风险安全。论文的主要结果如下: /(1/)建立了有效、廉价的蔬菜中喹诺酮类抗生素的分析方法。4种喹诺酮抗生素/(诺氟沙星,环丙沙星,洛美沙星和恩诺沙星/)蔬菜中的加标回收率在64.40/%～116.9/%之间,其检测限为0.59～1.54μg//kg/(干重/),其定量限为1.96～5.13μg//kg/(干重/)。 /(2/)分析了广州市超市蔬菜中喹诺酮类抗生素/(环丙沙星,洛美沙星和恩诺沙星/),蔬菜中3种喹诺酮抗生素的总含量为未检出/(ND/)～159.49μg//kg/(鲜重/)。所检的蔬菜中喹诺酮检出率大小顺序为洛美沙星/(70/%/)＞环丙沙星/(69/%/)＞恩诺沙星/(29/%/)。 /(3/)分析了东莞市蔬菜基地的蔬菜中喹诺酮类抗生素/(环丙沙星,洛美沙星和恩诺沙星/),蔬菜中3种喹诺酮抗生素/(环丙沙星,洛美沙星和恩诺沙星/)的总含量为ND～255.67μg//kg/(鲜重/),按喹诺酮抗生素的总含量高低顺序是:石碣镇＞塘厦镇＞桥头镇1＞茶山镇＞东城区＞桥头镇2;无公害蔬菜基地蔬菜＞普通蔬菜基地。 /(4/)利用上述结果,初步评价其健康风险安全。广州市超市蔬菜和东莞蔬菜基地蔬菜中环丙沙星+恩诺沙星超标率分别为18.1/%和18.5/%,超标倍数分别为3.63和3.43,蔬菜中环丙沙星+恩诺沙星药物膳食摄入量分别达到相应每日摄入量的17.5/%和28.58/%。 总之,蔬菜食品中喹诺酮抗生素的污染情况已经相当严重,应该尽快采取相关的控制措施以保障蔬菜食物安全。 Antibiotics used extensively by human and animals could enter into the environment at last, which has been one of new-style contaminants and became the new research subject.Animal manure containing antibiotics is applied to agricultural land as a means to provide crop nutrients. As a result,the soil,even the produces grown on manure-amended soils could be contaminated. And these results could cause the same human health risk as drug residues/(for animal food/) and pesticide residues/(for vegetable crops or plant food /).This article researched fluorquinolones concentration in the vegetables of the Guangzhou supermarket and the Dongguan vegetable fields and did the study on the preliminary evaluation of its health risk safety.The main conclusions were as follows: /(1/) An effective and low-cost analytical method for the simultaneous determination of four quinolones in vegetable was developed.Recoveries were in the range64.4/%-116.9/%;limits of detection were in the range 0.59～1.54μg//kg/(dry weight/);limits of quality were in the range 1.96～5.13μg//kg/(dry weight /) /(2/) This method was applied to analysis 3 fluorquinolones/(Ciprofloxacin,Lomefloxacin and Enrofloxacin /) in the plants of supermarket in Guangzhou.The total concentration of 3 fluorquinolones in plants ranged from non-detected/(ND/) to 159.49μg//kg/(fresh weight/).The detection rate of fluorquinolones in all the samples was decreasing in order of Lomefloxacin /(70/%/)＞Ciprofloxacin/(69/%/)＞Enrofloxacin/(29/%/). /(3/) This method was also applied to analysis 3 fluorquinolones/(Ciprofloxacin,Lomefloxacin and Enrofloxacin /) in the plants of Dongguan vegetable fields.The total content of 3 fluorquinolones/(Ciprofloxacin,Lomefloxacin and Enrofloxacin/) in the plant ranged from ND to 255.67μg//kg/(fresh weight/),deceasing in the order of Shijie＞Tangsha＞Qiaotou1＞Chashan＞Dongcheng＞Qiaotou2 and non-social effects vegetable field＞common vegetable field. /(4/) This article did the study on the preliminary evaluation of its health risk safety,using the above-mentioned results.The ultra-standard rate of Ciprofloxacin and Enrofloxacin in plants of Guangzhou supermarket and Dongguan vegetable fields were 18.1/%and 18.5/%respectively and their times of ultra standard were 3.63 and 3.43 respectively.The levels of intakes with Ciprofloxacin and Enrofloxacin in plants of Guangzhou supermarket and Dongguan vegetable fields were 17.5/%and 28.58/%respectively. In short,pollution of Ciprofloxacin and Enrofloxacin in plant food is very serious,so the relevant control strategy should be adopted as quickly as possible in order to guarantee the safety of vegetable food.

关 键 词： 喹诺酮类抗生素 分析方法 蔬菜 广州市超市 东莞市蔬菜基地

分 类 号： [S63]

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]