导　　师： 金林

学科专业： 081101

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 安徽理工大学

摘　　要： 本课题研究的对象为矿用特殊型铅酸蓄电池的充电方法,这种电池在煤矿中主要用于电力牵引车辆和其他物料搬运设备。由于铅酸电池的用量巨大,其消耗已构成煤矿成本的一个不可忽视的组成部分。因此延长铅酸电池寿命,缩短二次充电的时间,减少其损耗,对于降低煤炭成本,提高煤矿的经济效益会起到很重要的作用。煤矿现常用的充电方法多为恒流、恒压限流等常规方法。这些充电方法未遵从电池内部的物理化学规律,大多存在着不同程度的过充电和析气现象,导致铅酸电池使用寿命降低和整个充电过程低效率。 针对这种状况,笔者研究了铅酸电池的储能机理及影响充电的各种极化因素,结合马斯最佳充电曲线,发现电池最大可接受电流取决于当时极板上的活性物质的多少及其周围反应环境,但是通过在整个充电过程中适时增加反向脉冲放电,可以增大蓄电池的最大可接受电流,并且可以抑制极化现象和蓄电池后期的温升。 为将理论应用于实际,笔者深入研究了铅酸电池充电过程中,电池端电压和已充入容量之间的关系。并依据此关系结合蓄电池端电压变化和温升变化决定是否进反向放电去极化,最大限度的提高蓄电池的电流可接受率。 本设计采用ARM作为整个系统的控制核心,两单元的IGBT模块为功率开关管组成Buck-Boost电路,另外还包括驱动电路,电压//电流采样电路,温度检测电路,LCD显示单元及各种保护电路等。能实现快速充电、恒流充电,并且实时显示充电电压、电流和蓄电池已充入容量,上报数据等。 试验数据证明,本设计可以大大缩短充电时间,并对充电后期温升有较好的抑制温升作用。 The design is for special lead-acid battery which is mainly used for the electric traction vehicle and other materials loader equipments in coal mine. The cost of this kind of battery has been an inevitability part of coal mine cost for its used widely. Therefore, prolonging the battery life, shortening the recharge time, and reducing loss will make a very important effect on decreasing the cost and increasing the economic benefits for mine coal. Now, the charge methods in coal mine always are conventional ways like constant current and constant voltage with current limitation which do not follow the physical and chemistry rules of the battery, most part of always exist the phenomenon of overcharged and gas-generation, then make the battery 's life shorter and reduce the efficiency of the whole charge process. To these conditions, the author studied the electrochemistry mechanism of lead-acid battery and kinds of polarizations which affect charge, and discover that the maximal acceptable current of battery depends on the amount of active material on the battery plates and the reactive environment. However, the maximal acceptable current of battery can be increased and restrain the polarizations and the last temperature-rise by adding reverse pulse discharge at the proper time in the whole process of charge. In order to integrate theory into practice, the author studied the relation of voltage and the charged capability of battery in the charge process. According to the relation, the author combined the velocity of voltage change and temperature-rise of battery to decide whether to discharge for depolarization, and then increase the current acceptable ratio of battery as much as possible. This design chooses ARM as core of the whole control system, the two units IGBT module as power switch composing Buck-Boost circuit and also includes drive circuit, voltage //current sampling circuit, temperature detecting circuit, LCD display unit and kinds of protect circuit and so on. The design can realizes fast charge and constant current charge and the display of charging current, voltage, charged capacity and reporting data etc. The experiment datas shows that the design can shorten the charging time greatly and inhibit the temperature-rise in the late stage.

关 键 词： 铅酸电池 快速充电

分 类 号： [TM912.1]

领　　域： [电气工程]