导　　师： 杜晓通

学科专业： 081102

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 山东大学

摘　　要： 本文以Microchip公司生产的高性能的PIC24系列微控制器为硬件平台,设计和实现了一种基于PIC24系列微控制器的嵌入式实时操作系统,包括操作系统内核和Bootloader程序。 随着嵌入式系统的发展,传统的前后台式的软件设计结构已经明显不能满足日益复杂的应用的需求。在嵌入式系统的软件设计过程中,任务级响应时间长、不固定以及因各种资源调度不当而发生死锁、系统可靠性降低等问题越来越突出。要解决这些问题,必须将操作系统的概念引入到嵌入式系统的软件设计过程中。 嵌入式实时操作系统是一种新的系统设计思想和一个开放的软件框架。它具有操作系统的基本功能,可以对整个实时系统的运行进行控制,根据系统中各个任务的轻重缓急,合理地在任务之间分配CPU和各种资源。实时操作系统利用信号量、消息等系统功能协调和同步各个任务,降低了任务模块之间的耦合性,提高了系统的稳定性。此外,基于嵌入式实时操作系统的软件设计模式天然地具有良好的可扩展性,便于软件系统的改进和扩展,有效地降低了成本,提高了开发效率。随着嵌入式系统的广泛应用,基于嵌入式实时操作系统的软件设计方法必将得到广泛的应用。 本文设计和实现的嵌入式实时操作系统主要包括调度内核、任务管理、时间管理、任务之间的通信与同步、中断响应管理和Bootloader模块。 最后,以山东省肿瘤防治研究院能量管理系统中的能量检测控制器的设计为例,介绍嵌入式实时操作系统在工程中的应用。结合具体的软件设计过程,充分阐述在实际的设计过程中,如何在嵌入式实时操作系统平台上进行软件的设计和实现,以及嵌入式实时操作系统内核功能的正确、高效使用。通过该系统的成功运行,验证了所设计的嵌入式实时操作系统程序具有良好的稳� This thesis mainly introduces a kind of method to design and implement an Embedded Real-Time Operating System based on PIC24 microcontroller, imcluding OS kernel and Bootloader program. With the development of Embedded System, tranditonal foreground-background software architecture is no longer able to support the more and more complicated application requirement. For the complicated application, task level response time will be longer and not fixed, because of inappropriate scheduling of resourses, and the problem of deadlock and decrease of system reliability will be more outstanding. In order to resolve these problems and combine its powerful function with more demands for IT products, it is necessary to introduce the Embedded Real-Time Operating System into Embedded System design process to take the place of foregroundan-background software architecture. RTOS is a new system design concept and open software architecture. It decreases the complexity of the routine. It has basic functions of an Operating System that can control the whole system, and assigns CPU time slot and other hardware resources to tasks according to their importance and urgency. It improves the efficiency of CPU usage by providing semaphore, message and other system functions. The usage of RTOS makes the expansion of the application convenient, reduces the cost, and improves the system reliability. It is sure that the software design method on RTOS platform must be widely applied, because of its great advantages. This thesis induces the design and implementation procedure of Embedded RTOS, including the kernel structure, task and time management, task synchronization and communication, and Bootloader module. At the end of thesis, the design process of Energy Meamurement and Control Instrument which is part of Shandong Cancer Research Center Main Building Energy Meamurement System is taked as an example to describe how to design the software on RTOS platform correctly and effectively.

关 键 词： 嵌入式 操作系统 微控制器

领　　域： [自动化与计算机技术] [自动化与计算机技术]