导　　师： 唐德根

学科专业： 050201

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 湘潭大学

摘　　要： 本文运用范畴化理论对英语附加疑问句进行了尝试性的探讨,试图对附加疑问句的多种句式、它的多义语言现象作出合理的解释。 附加疑问句作为英语中最常见的句型之一,其构成和使用纷繁复杂。附加疑问句由陈述部分和疑问部分组成。它形似一般疑问句,然而并非仅仅起一般疑问句的作用,可以实现多种话语功能,包括征求别人的看法,要求别人对说话者的话语表示肯定或者否定的意见,以及表示惊讶、愤怒、兴趣、关切、讽刺等感情色彩等等。 早期语言学家对附加疑问句的研究以描述性为主,总结了大量的语法规则,进而归纳了英语附加疑问句的语调功能。然而传统语言学研究局限于语言的内部结构,忽略了语言的外部因素,如人类的认知手段、生活体验等,未能对附加疑问句的复杂形式及其复合结构所承载的丰富的话语信息进行充分描写,对于附加疑问句的多形多义的语言现象未能给予很好的解释。 认知语言学认为没有自主的、独立于认知以外的语言;语言的选择依赖于人的一般认知和经验处理机制,人们开始用认知语言学解释各种语言现象。从认知的角度看,范畴化/(categorization/)可以说是人类高级认知活动中最基本的一种,它指的是人类在歧异的显示中看到相似性,并据此将可分辨的不同事物处理为相同的,由此对世界万物进行分类,进而形成概念的过程和能力。有了对千差万别的现实加以范畴化的能力,我们能够对经验进行分析、构造、推理,能够与他人交流自己的经验,所以范畴化问题一直是认知研究的一个中心课题。本文运用范畴化理论对英语附加疑问句的范畴特征进行探讨和分析,提出英语附加疑问句是英语是非疑问句原型效果的实现/(instantiate/)。本文还认为,是人类共有的隐喻能力实现了附加疑问句的多义性。 This thesis relies on the theory of Categorization in cognitive linguistics to present a bold attempt to apply the theory to English tag question so as to prove that it is practical to study various construction expressions of tag question and its polysemous property in light of cognitive linguistics. A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement or a host sentence followed by a mini-question or an interrogative fragment. Syntactically, tag question appears to be an interrogative sentence. However, the tag question functions more than just a clause expecting the hearers’opinion on the stated matter, but do various‘acts’and express speakers’intentions. It also has some major functions as indicating inference, seeking agreement, inviting confirmation, expressing doubt, expressing interest and expressing humor or sarcasm, etc.. Among the various linguistic phenomena of English, tag question has always been the subject of interest of many linguists, who classified and examined tag question from different perspectives, including its grammatical rules, its pragmatic functions and its prosody and so on. The traditional approaches emphasize the internal structure of linguistics by deriving the different senses of a linguistic form through the context. They isolate language from the external world, such as, human experience and cognitive devices and regard polysemy as a linguistic coincidence; therefore, the traditional approaches lack strength and conviction, and cannot give a full and rich explanation to the various construction expressions and the polysemous phenomenon of tag question. Cognitive linguists, on the other hand, believe that the structure of language is a direct reflection of human cognitive processes and argue that language is the result of cognition. From the perspective of cognition, categorization is the base of the cognitive process because“Categorization refers to the fact that human beings can identify the similarities between a variety of different

关 键 词： 英语附加疑问句 范畴化 原型 隐喻

领　　域： [语言文字]