导　　师： 潘鲁青

学科专业： 090801

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中国海洋大学

摘　　要： 多环芳烃化合物/(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,简称PAHs/)是自然环境中持久性有机污染物的主要代表,具有致癌、致畸和致突变作用,随着煤、石油在工业生产、交通运输以及生活中被广泛应用,海上PAHs的污染日益加重。本论文以栉孔扇贝为研究对象,根据生物标志物筛选和评价原则,全面系统的研究了B/[α/]P对栉孔扇贝解毒代谢酶、DNA和蛋白质的影响,阐明了B/[α/]P在栉孔扇贝体内的毒性效应过程。采用统计学方法对所选指标进行了剂量效应和相关性分析,并将在实验室研究中筛选出的标志物应用于青岛近海环境中PAHs的监测。所得结果如下: 1 B/[α/]P对栉孔扇贝组织解毒代谢指标的影响 本文研究了苯并/(α/)芘/(B/[α/]P/)对栉孔扇贝/(Chlamys farreri/)鳃丝和消化盲囊毒理学指标/(包括AHH、GST、GSH和MDA/)的影响,结果显示B/[α/]P对扇贝毒理学指标影响显著/(P＜0.05/),鳃丝和消化盲囊中各指标具有相似的变化规律:在为期15d的B/[α/]P一次染毒实验过程中,AHH活力和MDA含量被诱导升高,被诱导程度与曝污浓度呈现正相关,其中鳃丝被诱导的程度较消化盲囊要大,低浓度处理组GST活力和GSH含量先表现为被诱导升高,之后被抑制并低于对照组水平,高浓度处理组则表现为直接被抑制,被抑制程度与B/[α/]P浓度相关;当污染消除后,栉孔扇贝表现出良好的自我调节能力,各毒理指标较快地恢复到对照组水平,其中低浓度处理组的恢复速度较高浓度要快,消化盲囊的氧化损伤的修复能力较鳃丝强;经过为期30d的恢复实验后,立即进行二次染毒实验,除高浓度处理组表现为氧化损伤的加剧外,其它标志物的变化趋势与一次染毒实验时基本一致,表现出很好的重现性。本实验表明,栉孔扇贝鳃丝和消化盲囊毒理学指标/(AHH、GST、GSH和MDA/)能指示B/[α/]P污染程度,并具有较强的敏感性和良好的重现性 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons are carcinogenic,teratogenic and mutagenic. They are the typical persisitent organic pollutants in nature.Because of development of maritime petroleum and marine traffic and industry sewerage discharge,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon/(PAHs/) pollution became seriously.Author studied the influence of B/[α/]P on the process of detoxifcation and metabolism,DNA and protein of Chlamys farreri.Then we adoped the statistical method to analyze the all the index we chosed,and applied them to the offing of Qingdao.The following results were obtained: 1.The toxicological effect of PAHs on the tissue of C.farreri. We studied the index in gill and digestive gland of C.farreri exposed to B/[α/]P: inclued AHH,GST,GSH and MDA.The results indicate that index in all treatment groups were induced,and there's a time-course dependent character.In the first exposure period,AHH and MDA were induced significantly and showed a direct correlation with the concentration of B/[α/]P.The GST and GSH of the lower concentration group were elevated first and restrained to be the control level.While the higher concentration group were restrained at first.In the elimination period,the index in all the group resumed to the control level,and the lower concentration groups resumed quickly than the higher concentration groups.Also the digestive gland had a better resume capacity than gill of C.farreri.The index in the second exposed period showed a similar change with the first exposure period. 2.The toxicological effect of PAHs on DNA and protein in gills and digestive glands of C.farreri. In this study,the DNA single strand breakage used two methods/(Alkaline Unwinding Assay and Comet Assay/),DNA-protin crosslink/(DPC/) and protein carbonyl content in gill and digestive gland of C.farreri exposed to B/[α/]P were exzamined.We found that all the index showed a significant time- course dependent character.In the firsr exposed period,DNA single strand breakage increased first and becomed restored

关 键 词： 栉孔扇贝 苯并 芘 生物标志物 筛选技术

领　　域： [环境科学与工程]