导　　师： 孙水裕

学科专业： 081704

授予学位： 博士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广东工业大学

摘　　要： 重金属污染的生物法净化是目前国内外研究的热点之一。利用优势菌生物系统的还原吸附作用去除水环境中的Cr/(Ⅵ/)是一种非常有前景的处理方法，探索有益磁生物效应对生物系统的稳定性和抗冲击能力的促进作用，是推动和拓广生物法在重金属污染防治中应用的有效措施之一。 本文首先通过驯化—分离—筛选—诱变选育得到对Cr/(Ⅵ/)具有较强吸附能力的优势菌，通过16SrDNA测序和生理生化特性分析对优势菌进行了鉴定；然后通过工艺条件试验研究了外加碳源、循环流量、微量金属、进水Cr/(Ⅵ/)负荷等对优势菌生物滤床系统除Cr/(Ⅵ/)效率的影响；通过比较优势菌生长繁殖速率、除Cr/(Ⅵ/)效率以及污泥活性，获得了最佳磁生物效应下的表面磁场强度和磁场作用方式；在模拟废水处理的基础上，进行了磁场—优势菌污泥净化处理实际含Cr/(Ⅵ/)废水的试验；最后，通过比较5~#优势菌的胞外多聚物/(EPS/)、细胞壁和原生质球对Cr/(Ⅵ/)的还原吸附效率及磁场对厌氧系统产气组分的影响，结合X射线光电子能谱/(XPS/)、透射电镜—衍射能谱/(TEM-EDS/)、扫描电镜—衍射能谱/(SEM-EDS/)等仪器分析检测手段，对优势菌吸附还原Cr/(Ⅵ/)以及特定弱磁场对优势菌除Cr/(Ⅵ/)效率的影响机理进行了分析研究。 研究选育得到了两株Cr/(Ⅵ/)耐受程度高的除铬优势菌——5~#和2-1~#，经鉴定他们分别属于Brevibacillus parabrevis/(类短短芽孢杆菌/)和Bacillus cereus/(腊状芽孢杆菌/)。接种两株优势菌的厌氧生物滤床系统在进水COD/_/(Cr/)140mg／L左右，恒流泵流量为47mL／min，添加微量金属时，除Cr/(Ⅵ/)效果最佳，系统的稳定性较好。优势菌污泥的连续Cr/(Ⅵ/)吸附/(4次/)量为27-28mg//g干污泥，污泥再生后吸附能力提高29．68％。扫描电镜观察生物滤床底部污泥和滤料上的生物膜，发现 The treatment of heavy metal pollution by biological process is one of the most active research fields in recent years. Cr/(Ⅵ/)-removal by the reduction and absorption of the predominated strains-containing bio-system is one of the most prospective methods, and to apply the beneficial magnetic bio-effect in improving the stability and anti-impaction of the bio-system is one of the most effective methods of pushing and widening the application of biological process in heavy metal wastewater treatment Firstly, based on the screening and optimizing of the predominated strains, the Cr/(Ⅵ/)-containing wastewater was treated in batch by a bio-filter, in which the predominated strains inoculated and cultured, then several main running conditions and their effect on Cr/(Ⅵ/) // total Cr removal were studied. Secondly, based on the selection of optimum magnetic density, the action modes of magnetic field were also compared by analyzing the variety of the anaerobic sludge activity. And then the Cr/(Ⅵ/) // total Cr removal efficiencies of the magnetic field-bio-system containing the predominated strains were tested by inflowing the factory wastewater. Finally, by instrument analysis /(such as XPS, TEM-EDS, SEM-EDS/) and experimental design, the absorption-reduction efficiency of different cellular structures, Cr settlement site, the influence of magnetic field on the composition of anaerobic biogas etc were researched. Thereout the mechanism of the predominated strains and the magnetic field on the Cr/(Ⅵ/) bio-removal were concluded and summarized. Two predominated strains numbered 2-1~# and 5~# were obtained, which could stand the Cr/(Ⅵ/) concentration of 200mg//L and were identified with Bacillus cereus and Brevibacillus parabrevis, respectively. For the bio-filter containing the predominated strains, the COD/_/(Cr/) value of about 140mg//L, the pump flow rate of 47mL//min and the addition of trace metal elements were the optimum running conditions, and the system showed good stability. The continuous C

关 键 词： 磁场 优势菌 生物吸附 生物还原 厌氧污泥活性

领　　域： [环境科学与工程]