导　　师： 尹晓青

学科专业： 020205

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中国社会科学院研究生院

摘　　要： 本文以产权理论、外部性理论、公共物品理论为主要理论基础,以我国退耕还林的实践为背景,以退耕还林中产权的不完全性分析为切入点,对不完全产权下的退耕还林生态补偿进行了理论分析,讨论了不完全产权约束下退耕还林生态补偿的途径选择,并对相应途径下生态补偿机制的补偿标准和期限进行了分析。研究还区分退耕还生态林及还经济林的产权不完全状况差异,并做了相应分析。 退耕还林后林地及林木产权的不完全性,造就了中国退耕还林工程的特殊性,也促成了私人/(主要是退耕农户/)参与提供公共物品/(生态效益/)的客观事实。显然,退耕还林是一项具有正外部性的经济活动,而生态补偿的实质就是要实现这种外部性的内部化。在退耕还林所提供的生态效益属典型公共物品,且产权界定成本过于高昂的情况下,构建以政府为主导的退耕还林补偿机制或将是一种最佳选择。在进行具体机制设计时,退耕还生态林及还经济林产权不完全状况的差异,决定了在划定补偿标准时需区别对待;而退耕还林的补偿年限,应以不完全产权状态存在的年限为准。为保证退耕还林的可持续性,对两者最终的产权应采取不同的安排:退耕还生态林要走向国家收购,实现产权在国家一级的完全性;而对退耕所还经济林,则应降低其产权不完全性,让市场价格补偿发挥积极作用。 Based on the theory of property rights, externality and public goods, with the practice of the Cropland Conversion to Forest in China, through normative analysis and case study, several main respects involved in ecological compensation problem of the“Cropland Conversion to Forest in China”are studied. The analysis of incomplete property rights involved in the“Cropland Conversion to Forest in China”is the angle of view of this paper. This paper makes a theoretic explanation for the ecological compensation under incomplete property rights and gives an choice of the mechanism for ecological compensation. Furthermore, this paper distinguishes the different incomplete grades in property rights between ecological forest and economic forest. Then, this paper makes some analysis based on this difference. It is the incompletion of property rights on land and forest after the“cropland conversion to forest”which induces the particularity of the“Cropland Conversion to Forest in China”and results in the fact that private sectors /(mainly farmers/) are involved in the supply of the public goods /(mainly ecological benefits/).The“Cropland Conversion to Forest in China”is a kind of economical activity with positive externality and the nature of the ecological compensation is to internalize the externality . Because the final products /(ecological benefits/) of“cropland conversion to forest”belong to the pure public goods and the cost of redistributing property rights is great,an ecological compensation mechanism should be established with the government playing a leading role. In order to make“Cropland Conversion to Forest in China”a sustainable program, the ecological forest should be purchased by the government and the economic forest should be involved in the market furthest. Moreover,in determining the time limit of compensation, the lifetime of incomplete property rights should be taken into account.

关 键 词： 不完全产权 退耕还林 生态补偿

领　　域： [经济管理]