导　　师： 刁晏斌

学科专业： 050103

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 辽宁师范大学

摘　　要： “他”见于先秦,在先秦两汉表示他称或无定指称,至唐代转变为第三人称代词,并且在唐代出现了虚化用法。包含虚化“他”的“V他2 R”式是现代汉语中的一种比较常见的口语形式,这类结构形式与一般的“VR”式动宾短语和动补短语不大相同,与“V他R”双宾结构也有很大区别,有着独特的语义语用功能,然而语言学界对这种结构的关注却很少,对虚化的“他”的研究也不够充分。 本文从共时和历时两个角度对“V他2 R”式进行描写、分析和解释。在共时平面上对“V他2 R”式表层语法结构、深层语法意义和外部语用功能进行详尽的描述;在历时平面上探究“V他2 R”式的来源及发展概况,对其从唐代到清代的发展情况进行考察与分析,然后对“V他2 R”中“他2”的性质进行分析,认为这里的“他2”具备了助词的语法特征,从而确定了语法化过程中的“他”在性质上的发展方向。 本文综合运用现代语言学和语法学理论,从句法、语义和语用三个方面对“V他2 R”式进行了详尽的分析和解释,这可以使我们从整体上对这种结构有一个从感性到理性的认识,既了解其在共时平面的使用情况,又对其在历时发展过程中的兴衰变化有一个大致的把握。 The earliest dynasty when“Ta”was founded is“Qin”.”Ta”was used to express other things at that time. At the“Tang”dynasty“Ta”changed to the third personal pronoun. There was void reference“Ta”at the same time. The phrase of“V+ta2 +R”has gradually been in common use in Chinese spoken language. This kind of phase is quite different form the phase“VR”and“V ta R”. There are many particular characters in“V ta2 R”. However, the former don’t been looked important enough. Also is the void Reference“Ta”. This paper will describe, analyze and explain the phrase of“V ta2 R”from the two parts: diachronic and synchronic. In the synchronic point, we fully describe the surface syntax structure, the deep–seated semantic type and the exterior pragmatic functions. In the diachronic point, we explore the origin and development of this phrase, then we research its development from Ting to Qing dynasty and conclude that“ta2”in this phrase is a auxiliary word. The paper, using the theory of modern linguistics and grammar, analyses and elaborates different parts of the phrase of“V ta2 R”from three parts: syntax, meaning and pragmatic. Then, we can holistically understand it from the stage of perception to sense. We not only realize its using condition in the synchronic point but also have a full sense of its up-and-down in the diachronic point.

关 键 词： 他 虚化 语气 结构 语义 表达功用

分 类 号： [H141]

领　　域： [语言文字]