导　　师： 冯之林

学科专业： 050211

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广东外语外贸大学

摘　　要： 作者观察到,粤语方言对英语外来词音译的现象比普通话中对英语外宋词的音译常见得多。本文试图从历史和文化的角度出发,对源语文化和译入语文化的相对地位进行比较研究,从而找到粤语方言偏爱音译外来词的原因。 论文将外来词的两种翻译策略,音译和意译,同Lawrence Venuti提出的两种翻译策略,归化和异化相联系起来。作者认为,音译在一定程度上就是一种异化策略,而意译是归化策略。论文还把上述两对概念和在翻译史上一直争论不休的直译和意译进行比较,从而对方法和策略进行了区分。 接下来论文对中国外来词翻译的历史进行了阐述,对三个外来词翻译的高峰时期,包括佛经的翻译、清末对西方人文和社会科学的文章的翻译,以及当今的外来词翻译。上述每一个高峰时期都为中国引进了一大批的外来词,很多的外来词已经成为汉语词汇的一部分。 最后论文从文化角度出发,尝试解释粵语方言频繁使用音译策略翻译英语外来词的原因。作者认为,译者对翻译策略的选择在很大程度上受到文化地位的影响。文化之间的地位是不平等的。文化之间有着不断的互动,同时也在不断地为争取更高、更强势的地位进行竞争。通常来说,目标语为强势文化时,译者倾向于采用归化策略,而目标语为弱势文化时,译者则倾向于应用异化策略。粤方言中频繁使用音译策略来翻译英语外来词,而且大多数词在普通话中本来已经有了固定的、符合汉语习惯的表达,就是因为受到英语国家的强势文化地位、以及中国文化在香港相对较低的地位而导致的结果。 It is observed that the number of loan-words transliterated into the Cantonese dialect far exceeds that into Putonghua. To account for the phenomenon, this thesis, starting from the historical and cultural perspective, attempts to make a detailed analysis of the relative status of the source and the target cultures respectively.This thesis associates the two translation strategies for loan-words, transliteration and semantic translation, with Lawrence Venuti's classification of the two translation strategies, domestication and foreignization. The author puts forward that transliteration is in some sense a foreignizing strategy, and semantic translation to a certain extent is a domesticating strategy, for the two pairs of notions share some essential similarities. On distinguishing strategy from method, or approach, the thesis draws a distinction between the above two pairs of notions and the literal vs. free discussion that has dominated studies in translation for a long time.Then the thesis proceeds to give an account of the history of loan-word translation in China, analyzing the three translation waves of borrowed words in three different periods, including the translation of Buddhist scriptures, the translation of Western humanities and social sciences at the end of the Qing dynasty /(1644-1911/) and the years after that, and the translation of foreign terms at present. Each of these three periods brought in a large number of foreign words that have become part of the Chinese vocabulary.After reviewing loan-word translation in China from a historical perspective, the thesis then examines the issue from a cultural perspective, seeking to find some justifications to account for the Cantonese preference over the transliterating strategy of English words into the Cantonese dialect, even when in most cases there are already established expressions or semantically translated versions in Putonghua, which is widely considered as the standard and the canon for all dialects, or linguistic varieties, in China.For the better part of this thesis, the author argues that the translator's adoption of different translation strategies is to a large extent influenced by cultural status. The relationship between or among cultures is seldom an equal one. Cultures are constantly interacting with each other, competing against each other, and striving for a higher status and a stronger position. The fact that the loan-words transliterated into the Cantonese dialect exceed those into Putonghua in number well justifies this argument. Frequent transliteration of English loan words in the Cantonese dialect is the result of the dominant position of the culture of English-speaking countries, mainly Britain and the United States, together with the relatively lower status of the Chinese culture in Hong Kong.In addition, the relationship between a dominant or strong culture and a subordinate or weak culture is not static. Rather, it is active and constantly changing. The change in translation strategies signals the change in the cultural status of the source and the target languages. Generally speaking, in cases where the target language belongs to a dominant culture, or strong culture, the translator tends to adopt a domesticating strategy; on the contrary, when the target language represents a subordinate culture, or weak culture, the translating strategy tends to be foreignizing.

关 键 词： 翻译策略 外来词 音译 意译 文化地位

分 类 号： [H315.9]

领　　域： [语言文字]