导　　师： 曾晓起

学科专业： 090803

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中国海洋大学

摘　　要： 本文以马粪海胆为研究对象，研究了其成熟卵的受精率与受精卵的孵化过程及其浮游幼体在不同饵料、盐度下的变态发育过程，以及温度、盐度及体重对马粪海胆成体的摄食能、排便能、呼吸能、代谢能以及生长能的影响，分析了不同生态条件下各种代谢能占摄食能的比例，旨在探讨生态因子对幼体发育和成体能量代谢的影响，为马粪海胆的增养殖提供必要的生物学数据和能量学参数。研究主要结果如下： 1．对19、23、27、31、35、39、43盐度下海胆卵的受精率及幼体的变态发育过程的成活率、生长进行研究。结果表明盐度在27～35间的受精率可达95％左右，最适盐度为31，受精率可达100％，盐度高于35或低于27受精率都将明显下降：27～35盐度范围内以纤细角毛藻作为饵料，个体可以完成整个变态发育过程，31盐度下的变态成活率为40±5％，体长可达789μm，27、35盐度下的变态成活率为15±5％，体长为677μm，其余盐度下幼体不能完成整个变态过程。 2．以纤细角毛藻、三角褐指藻、扁藻、盐藻、绿色巴夫藻、叉鞭金藻作为海胆幼体饵料，研究饵料种类对幼体发育的影响；早期投喂纤细角毛藻密度为10~4cell／ml，后期8×10~4cell／ml作为幼体投饵的标准密度，对幼体投喂0、1／3、2／3、1、3／2标准密度的纤细角毛藻，研究不同投饵密度对幼体发育的影响。研究结果表明：以纤细角毛藻作为马粪海胆浮游幼体的饵料效果最好，成活率为40±5％，体长可达789μm；投喂三角褐指藻组的成活率30±5％，体长634μm，扁藻适宜作为马粪海胆浮游幼体后期饵料，绿色巴夫藻、叉鞭金藻、盐藻不适宜作为幼体饵料。1和3／2标准投饵密度幼体顺利完成发育过程，其余各组未能完成变态发育过程。 3.测定2一、26、31、36、41盐度卜二 The experiment studies on the impregnation rate of mature egg at different salinity and larval development at different salinity and food, and the effect weight has on individual energy budget at different salinity, temperature, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Individual energy includes food consumption, excretion, respiration metabolism, fecal production and growth. The results of these studies list below: 1. The experiment tests impregnation rate of mature sea urchin egg and survival rate and body length at 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39, 43 salinity. Within 27~35 salinity the impregnation rate can reach 95/%, and it decreases significantly at other salinity, and the highest impregnation rate is almost 100/% at 31 salinity. Feeding on Chaetoceros gracilis larval survival rate is 40 + 5/% and body length is 789 μ m at 31 salinity, larval survival rate is 15?/%, and average body length is 677 μrn at 27,35 salinity. Under other salinity, larval can' t survive through abnormality. 2. Six kinds of marine microalga Chaetoceros gracilis, Platymonas spp, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Dunaliella spp., and Dicrateria zhanjiangensis are elected as larval food to analyze the effect of food on body length and survival rate. In order to analyze the effect of food density on larval metamorphism, larval is fed with 0, 1//3, 2//3, 1, 3//2 five density level. The result shows larval food with Chaetoceros gracilis survival rate reaches 40 + 5/%, body length is 789 μm, which has the best effect. Survival rate food with Phaeodactylum tricornutum is 30 + 5/%, body length is 634 μ m. This experiment also indicates that Platymonas spp can be used as anaphase larval development food. Larval with other three kinds food can' t survive through metamorphism course. The larval with land 3//2 food density can complete the whole metamorphism course, other three kinds of food density level can't supply ample energy for larval development. Forepart food densityis 104cell//ml, anaphase food density is 8X104cell//ml

关 键 词： 马粪海胆 幼体 早期发育 变态 成体 能量收支 饵料 温度 盆度 体重

领　　域： [农业科学]