导　　师： 李如龙

学科专业： 050103

授予学位： 博士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 暨南大学

摘　　要： 方言特征词的研究，是现代汉语方言的比较研究。它为汉语方言的分区提供一个较 为可行和较为科学的依据，以此来弥补以往单凭语音标准的不足。本文通过对赣方言的词 汇内部及其外部实地调查比较，并经过共时的词形、词义及其在词汇系统上的特点等方面 的比较分析和历时的纵向考察，从而提出了赣方言区特征词150条，赣方言分片特征词225 条。以此为依据，同时联系有关的历史文献资料，较为深入地探讨了赣方言与周边方言的 亲疏关系，并针对江西境内及周边地区九个方言点进行了检验。赣方言特征词的研究表明： 赣方言区特征词与分片特征词在词汇系统上虽均具有常用性，但特点不完全重合，表现为 赣方言区特征词大多数有多义性、能产性及单音词占较大比例等特点，而分片特征词则多 数不具有这些特点，这是由它们覆盖面不同造成的；赣方言特征词中以动词类及形容词类 为主，其中赣方言区特征词表现得最明显；赣方言与其他周边方言一样具有较为独特的面 貌，完全可以从其他方言尤其是客家方言中独立出来而成为一个方言区；在赣方言与周边 各方言区的关系中赣方言与客、湘二大方言区的关系是最为亲密和重要的两个。此外本文 对赣方言的形成历史年代也作了一个大胆的推测，认为赣方言基本成型于宋元之际，成熟 于明清时代。 Study on Character-Words of dialect is a contrastive study on Modem Chinese dialect. It provide a fairly practicable and scientific basis for dividing areas of Chinese dialect, in order to remedy the defect of the only standard of phonetics. Through on-the-spot inside and outside investigation of the terms of /(ian Dialect and the synchronic contrastive analysis of the morphology, the sense of a word and their characteristics in term system and diachronic study,this paper provides 150 Character-Words of the area of Clan Dialect and 225 Character-Words of the part of Gan Dialect. Based on them and contacted the related historical documents ,I made a fairly detailed study on the relationship among Clan Dialect and its neighboring dialects. And inspect 9 dialects in Jiangxi Province and its neighboring areas. The results of study show that the Character-Words of the area of Clan Dialect and the part of /(ian Dialect are all in common use in term system ,but their characteristics is not completely in line It displays that most of the Character-Words of the area of /(ian Dialect are polysemants and have the ability of wod-building and have a most of monosyllabic words. While the Character-Words of the part of /(ian Dialect mostly haven抰 these characteristics like them The reason is their different cover-area. Verbs and adjectives are the main parts of speech in the Character-Words of Gan Dialect. The characteristics are more obvious in the Character-Words of the area of /(ian Dialect. Gan Dialect has a fairly unique aspect just like other neighboring dialects. It can stand alone completely from other dialects, especially Hakka Dialect and become a dialect area. The relation between Clan Dialect and Hakka Dialect ,and the relation between /(ian Dialect and Xiang Dialect are the most important and closest among the relations of /(ian Dialect and other neighboring dialects In addition, I made a bold inference about forming times of Clan Dialect that Clan Dialect formed basically in Song and Yuan D~asty and matured in Ming and Qing D~asty.

关 键 词： 方言 赣方言 特征词 词义

分 类 号： [H175]

领　　域： [语言文字]