导　　师： 谭力文

学科专业： 120202

授予学位： 博士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 武汉大学

摘　　要： 20世纪70年代末期,西方许多大公司面临着竞争压力增大和低绩效的困扰。这些大公司往往因为规模扩大而出现所谓的“大企业病”：机构臃肿、多重领导、决策缓慢、排斥变革、人才流失等。如何在大公司内注入创新精神,恢复小公司时代的活力和创业激情,增强公司的柔性和快速反应能力,成为大公司持续成长和保持竞争优势的关键。 20世纪80年代以来,美国的一些大公司成功地进行了内部创业,使这些企业又恢复了小企业般的活力和柔性,增强了企业的创新能力。90年代以来,日本松下公司、富士通公司和台湾的宏基公司也开始实施内部创业,取得了较好的结果。实践证明,内部创业在解决大企业病,恢复企业活力和灵活性,吸引并留住优秀人才方面发挥着重要的作用。 内部创业就是在公司资源的支持下进行的创业活动。20世纪80年代开始,公司内的创业现象开始受到国际管理学界的关注。90年代以来,公司内部创业成为战略管理、创业学研究领域的研究热点。哪些因素影响内部创业,进而影响公司的绩效是当前国际学术界和实业界共同感兴趣的课题。 从目前国内文献反应的情况看,对于内部创业的研究刚刚起步,深入的实证研究还很缺乏。 本文主要从以下几方面对内部创业进行研究。 研究一,内部创业理论模型的构建。本文在总结国外学者构建的内部创业模型的基础上,提出了我国内部创业理论的模型。笔者认为影响内部创业的主要因素是公司外部环境、公司内部环境以及员工的个人因素。其中公司内部环境因素是本文的研究重点。 研究二,针对内部创业者的研究。内部创业者在公司创业中的角色和行为十分重要,他们综合了许多创业者和管理者的素质。本文运用信息经济学的理论研究内部创业过程中的委托与代理问题。内部创业者作为代理人利用信息不对称,可能会做出损害公司利益的行为。为了减少内部创业过程中的逆向选择,作者提出了员工的文凭作为内部创业者的信号发送,使其区别于非内部创业者；公司为了甄别内部创业者,设计多种合同条款来对员工进行筛选。合同条款包括：收益的延期支付、缴纳风险保证金、实行工龄工资制度。为了减少内部创业者的道德风险,本文设计了企业与内部创业者的委托代理模型,解决鼓励内部创业者参与创新并使创新项目利益最大化问题。研究显示,在企业的激励方式为按照投资项目销售额给内部创业者提成条件下,当企业与内部创业者都是风险中性时,企业给内部创业者的最优提成比例将为1,但此时企业的利润为负数,因此,如果内部创业者具有风险中性时,即使企业采取激励兼容机制也不能给企业带来正的利润；如果代理人即内部创业者是风险规避时,那么企业给内部创业者的提成比例取决于内部创业者的风险态度、边际成本参数和自然风险。内部创业者越厌恶风险或努力的成本越高,市场风险越大,那么给予内部创业者的提成比例应该越低。在企业的激励方式为按照投资项目的利润给内部创业者提成条件下,当企业与内部创业者都是风险中性时,企业将找不到一个最优的利润分成比例来激励内部创业者参与创新和努力创新。 研究三,组织内部环境因素影响内部创业行为的实证研究。本文把影响内部创业的组织内部因素分为四个维度：管理层支持、激励机制、工作自主性和组织边界,把内部创业分为三个维度：创新性、风险承担与先动性。通过对珠三角和长三角共108家企业的数据分析,得出下述结论：组织内部因素与内部创业有显著的正相关关系；组织内部因素中的管理层支持和工作自主性对内部创业有正的显著影响；而组织内部因素中的激励机制和组织边界对内部创业的影响不显著。这些结论与美国学者的研究结论有较大的差异。 研究四,案例研究。根据公司对内部创业项目的支持程度,把内部创业分为以下类型：合作开发模式、内部创业基金模式、孵化器模式、自由创新模式、业务开发模式、企业衍生模式。在此基础上,通过国内外公司内部创业的案例研究,验证本文的实证结果。重点分析了美国3M公司内部创业的成功经验以及我国华为公司内部创业的教训。 The late20th century70, many foreign large companies are facing the competition pressure and low performance troubles. These large companies often have to scale the so-called "big business" disease, such as body bloated, multiple leaders, slow decision-making, exclusion changes, brain drain, etc. How to inject the innovation spirit into large companies, restore the vitality and entrepreneurial passion in small companies times,and strengthen the company's flexibility and rapid response capability, become a key competitive advantage.of large companies continue to grow and maintain. Since the80s of the20th century, a number of major companies in the United States successfully conducted intrapreneurship which make them resume small-business-like vitality and flexibility and enhancing the innovative capability. Since the90's, Panasonic, Fujitsu and Taiwan's Acer Inc. have started intrapreneurship and achieved good results. Practice shows that the intrapreneurship plays an important role in solving large enterprises disease, restoring the vitality of enterprises and the flexibility and attracting and retaining talented people. Intrapreneurship is some entrepreneurial activities based on company's resources. Since20th century,80's, the international management academia has begun to pay more attention to the phenomenon of company's intrapreneurship. since90era,it has become a research field of strategic management and entrepreneurship research. Which factors affecting Intrapreneurship and thereby affecting the company's performance is the mutual interest of international academic community and industry issues. In the view of the current situation of domestic literature, the research on intrapreneurship has just started, and depth empirical research is still lacking. The dissertation started intrepreneurship research as the following aspects. The first is making up the Intrapreneurship model. This article puts forward the Intrapreneurship theory model in our country based on reviewing the Intrapreneurship model constructed by foreign scholars, I believe that the main factors affecting the Intrapreneurship contain company external environment, internal environment and employees. The Second is the research aim to intrapreneurs. The role and conduct of intrapreneur's in the company is important, they combined the quality of a number of entrepreneurs and managers. This paper researches commissioned and the agency problem by theIntrapreneurship process with the theory of information economics to. Using information asymmetry the Internal entrepreneur as an agent access may be do something harmful to the interests of the company. to reduce adverse selection of Internal entrepreneurship process, I think staff diploma presented as signaling of the intrapreneurs, so different from the non-internal entrepreneurs; to identify internal entrepreneurs companies can design a variety of contract terms to staff screening. Contract provisions include deferred payment of the proceeds, pay the risk margin, the implementation of seniority wage system. To reduce the moral hazard risk of the intrapreneurs, the paper designs the principal-agent model between the enterprise and the intrapreneurs,the aim is to encourage the intrapreneurs participate in innovative projects and maximize the interests. Studies show that when the intrapreneurs incentives way accordance with investment projects sales and when enterprises and intrapreneurs are risk-neutral, the optimal proportion of the enterprise to the entrepreneurs commission will be1, however, the profits of enterprises is negative at this time. so if the intrapreneur is a risk-neutral, the companies do not hold a positive profit even if adopting incentive-compatible mechanisms.when the intrapreneur is risk averse, the commission to the proportion of intrapreneurs depend on the risk attitude, the marginal cost parameter, and natural disasters.when the intrapreneur is more risk-averse or the higher costs, market risk is greater, the commission given to the proportion of intrapreneurs should be lower. Under the condition of incentives according to the investment projects profit to the commission given to the proportion of intrapreneurs, when enterprises and intrapreneurs are risk-neutral internal, the firm will not find an optimal profit-sharing ratio to encourage the intrapreneurs participation into innovation and innovative efforts. The third is the empirical study on organization environmental factors affecting the intrapreneurial behavior. This paper thinks that the organization environmental factors impacting intrapreneurship is divided into four dimensions, such as management support, incentives, job autonomy and organizational boundaries, and intrapreneurship into three dimensions:innovation, risk taking and the first mobility. By the data analysis of108enterprises in Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta by a total of in, Draw the following conclusions:there is a significant positive correlation between organization internal factors and internal entrepreneurial, there is a significant positive impact between management support and work autonomy in organization internal factors and intrapreneurship. However, there is not significant affection between incentives and organizational border in the organization internal factors and intrapreneurship. These findings and conclusions are quite different of American scholars. The fourth is case studies. According to the degree of the company supporting intrapreneurship, the intrapreneurship is divided into following types:cooperative development mode, the intrapreneurship fund mode, incubator model, free innovation model, new business development model. Based on this, the article analysis the characteristics of each model by case of domestic and international firms intrapreneurship, and analyzed the success experience of intrapreneurship about3M Company in the United States within and the lessons of intrapreneurship about Huawei in our country.

关 键 词： 内部创业 内部环境 委托代理 信息不对称 激励模型

分 类 号： [F272]

领　　域： [经济管理] [经济管理]