导　　师： 周积明

学科专业： 060105

授予学位： 硕士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 湖北大学

摘　　要： 近代中国社会处于一个纷乱复杂、激剧变革的时代,这个时代也是古与今、中与西,各种因素角力、互渗的时代。西学侵凌,牵引着近代中国的现代化步伐,也撩动了近代士人重新审视自身传统,是否接纳西学的心弦。为求得“退虏送穷”,近代中国人转变思维方式,师法西方世界。时势变化,清政府选择变革“祖宗之法”,中国传统在愈来愈趋新的进程中遭遇断裂,中国传统士人在“自强”与“保教”之间面临选择。生活于清季民初的传统士人时刻都处在这样一种矛盾、纠结的心理状态。恽毓鼎一生正处于这个“三千年未有之大变局”的激变时代,他在日记中对清季民初发生的诸多社会大变革都有参与和记载,并表达了自己的观点与看法。 恽毓鼎二十七岁入朝为官,前后历经戊戌变法、庚子拳乱、清末新政、民国建立等晚清政治大变革。每一次的剧变,都是一次近代中国人救亡图存的努力,恽毓鼎也积极的向政府建言献策。恽氏并不反对采纳“泰西善政”,但近代中国积弊日深,加上当时的中国社会因学习西方而矛盾重重,时人因急于求成生发的愈西愈好、尽弃中学的激进心态逐渐定型。最终一次次的变革都以失败告终,恽氏在新旧之中尽显纠结。 恽毓鼎好读西书,建议学习西学,但是他反对彻底舍弃传统中学的武断做法,通过学习是为了做到“中西兼通”。然而,晚清以降的中国社会因长时间未能摆脱国困民穷的状态,逐渐走向激进,传统面临中断的危险。恽毓鼎在困境中最终恢复到株守传统。 清季民初的中国社会,处处在变、事事突变,各种新鲜事物蜂拥而进。恽毓鼎步入分裂,生活中顺应变革时势,积极的学习、接受外来新事物。 本文通过对恽毓鼎日记的研究,旨在揣摩近代传统士人在变革时代,内心面对中学与西学时的分裂状态。对恽毓鼎思想进行考察与分析,将有助于我们加深近代中国社会的了解与认识。 The latter Qing Dynasty China society is a complex, rapidly changing era, this era is also the ancient and modern, Chinese and western, age factors, mutual infiltration. Modern Western learning Invasion, traction with the pace of modernization China modern, also true of modern scholars to re-examine their own traditions, whether to accept the western chord. For enriching the country, Modern Chinese change the way of thinking, learning the western world. Changes in the situation, the Qing government choose to change "the rules from the ancestor", the traditional China increasingly encounter new process fracture in the increasingly, China traditional scholars face the choice between "self-improvement" and "retain the traditional". In the end of Qing Dynasty's traditional scholars always in such a contradiction, tangled mentality. The life of Yun Yuding is in the cataclysmic era, great changes occurred in the end of Qing Dynasty in his diary in many societies have participation and records, and expressed their views and opinions. At the age of twenty-seven,Yun Yuding to start an official,had experienced "Reform movement of1898Led by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao","Boxer Rebellion","new policies of latter stage of Qing Dynasty","The establishment of the Republic of China". Change every time, is a modern Chinese survival efforts, Yun Yuding also actively to the government to offer advice and suggestions. Yun's not against the adoption of "Tessie good governance", but the modern China long-standing deep, plus the China Society for learning from the West and contradictory, because when people be anxious for success. In the west, as the better radical mentality abandoned school gradually stereotypes. Eventually a change in failure, Yun clan in the old and new in show entangled. Yun Yuding like reading, the proposed learning western culture, but he was opposed to thoroughly abandon the arbitrary practices traditional middle school, by learning to do "culture of Chinese and Western". However, in the late Qing Dynasty to the China Society for long time can not shake off the country's trapped people poor state, to radical gradually, traditional risk facing interrupt. Yun Yuding in trouble eventually restore to wait for your traditional. The end of Qing Dynasty and the Chinese society, everywhere, everything in the mutant, all kinds of new things and swarmed into the. Yun Yuding into division, life adaptation change situation, active learning, to accept new things foreign. In this paper, through the study of Yun Yuding diary, to try to figure out the traditional scholars in modern times of change, the heart in the face of Chinese learning and Western learning time divisioa Investigation and Analysis on Yun Yuding thought, will help us deepen our understanding of the modern China society.

关 键 词： 近代中国 恽毓鼎 传统 西学

分 类 号： [K252]

领　　域： [历史地理] [历史地理]